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Genetic Variation 7th Grade Investigation 9: Genetic Variation Populations & Ecosystems Inheritance • Inheritance: Passing genetic information from one generation to the next. • Gregor Mendel: famous scientics who studied pea plants and determined genes are inherited from parents. Animal Cell QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Importance of Cells • Everything (living) is made of cells and that is where the information describing “you” resides. • Cells have many smaller structures called organelles, that perform functions essential to life. • The nucleus of our cells contains our genetic information. Inside the Nucleus of A Cell • Inside the nucleus is the inheritance messenger, DNA. • DNA molecules are huge, containing millions of atoms. • In order for DNA to fit inside the nucleus, they are coiled into structures called Chromosomes. Chromosomes • Chromosomes: the structures that carry the message of inheritance. • Chromosomes always come in pairs. • On every chromosome is an allele. Allele • Allele: variations of genes that determine the traits in organisms. • BIG IDEA: The two corresponding alleles on two paired chromosomes constitute a gene. Genes • A gene (two alleles working together) controls a trait. – Helps determine things like eye color, etc… Genotype • Genotype: An organisms particular combination of alleles. – Genotypes lists the paired alleles that are particular to that organism Dominant & Recessive • Dominant Alleles: more-influential alleles. Represented by a capital letter. • Recessive Allele: Less-influential alleles. Represented by a lower case letter. • Ex: A or a Phenotype • Phenotype: the traits produced by the genotype; the expression of genes. – Ex: What a larkey looks like. Phenotype • Every organism has its unique genotype, composed on paired chromosomes. • Those genes produce unique traits in those organisms. • The traits that the genotype produces results in the organisms phenotype.