Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download I A
Document related concepts
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Copy-number variation wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy of the human retina wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 wikipedia , lookup
Polymorphism (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
The Selfish Gene wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Human leukocyte antigen wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype Outline of extensions to Mendel’s analysis • Single-gene inheritance – In which pairs of alleles show deviations from complete dominance and recessiveness – In which different forms of the gene are not limited to two alleles – Where one gene may determine more than one trait • Multifactorial inheritance in which the phenotype arises from the interaction of one or more genes with the environment, chance, and each other Dominance is not always complete • Crosses between true-breeding strains can produce hybrids with phenotypes different from both parents – Incomplete dominance • F1 hybrids that differ from both parents express an intermediate phenotype. Neither allele is dominant or recessive to the other • Phenotypic ratios are same as genotypic ratios – Codominance • F1hybrids express phenotype of both parents equally • Phenotypic ratios are same as genotypic ratios Three Different Forms of Dominance Incomplete Dominance for Flower Color in Snapdragon Codominance of Spotted and Dotted Coat Pattern Alleles Codominance of IA and IB Blood Group Alleles There Are Often More Than Two Alleles of a Gene The ABO blood group system is determined by one gene with three alleles. There Are Often More Than Two Alleles of a Gene Note that the ABO blood system shows both complete dominance and codominance. Multiple Alleles Can be Grouped in a Dominance Series Dominance series for lentil bean coat color. Do variations on dominance relations negate Mendel’s law of segregation? • Dominance relations affect only the relationship between genotype and phenotype • Alleles still segregate randomly and unite randomly • Gene products control expression of phenotypes • Interpretation of phenotype/genotype relationship can be complex
