Download Gene Technology

Gene Technology
• I. Controlled breeding/Artificial
Selection: breeding organisms with
certain traits so that the offspring will
have those traits.
• A. Mass Selection- Crossing and
growing plants with desired traits until
the trait appears consistently Exbreeding wheat with more protein; rice
with more iron
• B. Inbreeding- crossing
genetically similar organisms
(closely related); purebred
animals keep desired traits Exbreed race horses for speed
• C. Hybridization- crossing
genetically different organisms (2
different species) Ex- horse
+donkey = mule; lion + tiger =
liger
• II. Genetic Engineering- the process of
manipulating genes for practical purposes.
Can be as simple as selective breeding
and as complex as gene splicing.
• A. Recombinant DNA- DNA that contains
pieces of DNA form another organism
• B. Gene splicing- type of genetic
engineering process done by inserting
genes from one organism into another
organism’s existing DNA to make
recombinant DNA
• C. Plasmid- DNA of a bacteria in
the shape of a circle
• D. Steps in gene splicing-(see
picture)
• 1. Obtain a gene from “donor” (Ex- a human
gene that makes insulin)
• 2. Cut open the bacteria plasmid (ex- To make
room for insulin gene)
• 3. The donor gene is spliced into
the plasmid DNA by connecting
the ends of the DNA. The ends of
the DNA are called sticky ends
b/c they stick together due to
base-pairing.
• 4. The
plasmid now
produces
what the
donor gene
codes for.
(ex- bacteria
will now
make human
insulin)
• E. Enzymes used in gene
splicing:
• 1. Restriction enzymes- cut the
DNA into the desired fragements
• 2. DNA ligase- puts the plasmid
and donor gene together
•
•
•
•
F. Uses of recombinant DNA1. MedicineA. insulin for diabetics
B. Hormones ex- human growth
hormone for dwarfs
• C. Vaccines- small pox, herpes
• D. Can potentially cure genetic
diseases by putting good genes into
cells with bad genes ex- cystic fibrosis
• 2. Agriculture
• A. Makes crops resistant to
disease and weedkillers
• B. Alternative crops for tobacco
farmers
Cloning
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1y-kfw_0o
• From 3:10
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDzcwv
du0GY
• III. Cloning- making offspring that are
genetically identical to the parent Exseedless fruit; first animal cloned was
sheep named Dolly
• Insert DNA of the organism to be
cloned into an egg cell that has had
its DNA removed. Implant egg cell
into uterus of a female.
• See picture
• IV. Human genome projectscientists have mapped the genes
of humans.
–Helpful in curing genetic
diseases.
• V. Other uses
• A. Used in solving crime and
paternity
• B. Gel Electrophoresis- a technique
used to separate DNA molecules by
their charge (+ or -)
• C. DNA fingerprinting- the unique
pattern an individual’s DNA forms
during gel electrophoresis.
•
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