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Genetics and Life Span
23 Chromosomes
Each parent provides a gene, different
genes from each parent are called alleles
(a-leels)
Some alleles are Dominant and others
Recessive, thus not all are expressed
So, a person can be a carrier of a traitwhich is then passed on to one’s offspring
Alleles
Sometimes Alleles are not recessive
or dominant, but blend (blood types)
Many traits occur due to many genes,
not just one
Dominant Gene Alleles Disorders
Far sightedness
Huntington's Disease
Achondroplasia
Extra toes or fingers
Marfan’s Syndrome
Some Glaucomas
High Blood Cholesterol
Recessive, Defective Alleles
Autism
Cystic Fibrosis
PKU
Galactosemea
Tay-Sachs Disease
Thalassemia
Hemophilia
Albinism
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Near sightedness
Dry Eyes
Day Blindness
Polygenic Disorders
Alzheimer’s
Multiple Sclerosis
Mental Illness
Allergies
Cleft Lip
Hypertention
Chromosome Abnormalities
Down Syndrome
Sex-Linked Recessive
Color blindness
Hemophilia
Baldness
Fragile X
Muscular Dystrophy
SCID
Sex Linked Dominant
Albright’s Osteodystrophy
Goltz Syndrome
Oral-facial-digital syndrome
3 Types of effects genes can have
on the Environment
1) Passive
2) Evocative
3) Active
Environment and Genetics
Environmental factors regulate hormones
Hormones regulate gene’s protein production
Proteins are the building blacks of the body and
produce:
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Enzymes
All of which effect the way we feel and which produce
tendencies or predispositions to behave in certain ways,
which effect the environment.
Genetically Predisposed
More Sensitive to Environmental
Triggers
Some will never manifest disorder,
while others will
Prenatal Development
Genetics
We can now detect some disorders prenatally
and intervene such as:
Spina Bifida
Tay-Sachs
PKU
Hypothyroidism
Galactosemia
Down Syndrome
Hemophilia
Cystic Fibrosis
And Others
Prenatal Development
Environmentally
--Teratogens (Alcohol, tobacco,
cocaine,pot,
AIDS, Lead, OTC meds)
Stage of development
Mother’s & Babies genes/sensitivity
Dose amount
Number of risk factor
--Nutrition (poor protein, vitamin/minerals)
--Stress (cortisol)
--Good Medical Care