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Transcript
Mrs. Miller Investigation 9 – Genetic Variation Notes/Review Individuals in every population vary from one another in their traits Heredity is the passing of information from one generation to the next The pioneer work on heredity was undertaken by Gregor Mendel, who worked extensively with pea plants Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the specific nucleic acid that handles the genetic code and is found in the nucleus of a cell; the complete set of blueprints and operating instructions for assembling and managing one particular kind of organism Chromosomes are structures that contain hereditary information and transfer it to the next generation; they occur in nearly identical pairs in the nucleus of every cell Genes are the basic units of heredity carried by chromosomes. Genes code for features and traits of organisms Alleles are variations of genes that determine traits in organisms (visually represented by the dark area on each chromosome); the two alleles on paired chromosomes constitute a gene Alleles can be dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles exhibit their effect if they are present on one chromosome; recessive alleles exhibit their effect only when they are on both chromosomes An organism’s particular combination of paired alleles is its genotype; the traits produced by those alleles result in the organism’s phenotype A gene composed of two identical alleles (for example, both dominant or both recessive) is homozygous; a gene composed of two different alleles (one dominant and one recessive) is heterozygous About 100 years ago, Reginald Punnett (Cambridge professor of genetics) developed simple and useful technique for predicting characteristics of offspring when dominant and recessive traits of parents are known – the “Punnett Square” Blended effects – not all alleles are entirely dominant or recessive – some are partially dominant (see this effect in feature of fur for larkey)
