* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download LN #18 Heredity
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Heredity LN #18 California Content Standard Genetics 2g. Students know how to predict possible combinations of alleles in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents. What is Meiosis? • Meiosis makes SEX CELLS. – Haploid cells – Gametes – Sperm & egg cells • Diploid is 2n – All of our body cells are diploid. • Haploid is n – ONLY gametes are haploid. fertilization + = What is a Phenotype? • A phenotype describes what an organism looks like. • In order to determine an organisms phenotype you need to look at it. Phenotype = widow’s peak Phenotype = free earlobes Phenotype = attached earlobes What is a Genotype? Gene location for earlobes. • A genotype is the combination of genes in an organism. F f • Genes are section of DNA that codes for a trait. free attached Genes are located on chromosomes. F and f are Genotype = • Alleles are different alleles. Ff forms of a gene. • Genes are labeled by using letters. Homologous chromosomes have genes for the same trait. Who was Gregor Mendel? • Mendel carried out the first important studies in heredity. • Mendel studied heredity using pea plants. • Mendel was the first to develop laws and rules for heredity. • One of Mendel’s rules is the rule of dominance. – Some traits are dominant and others are recessive. (1822 – 1884) Punnett Squares • Punnett squares are used to determine the chance of seeing a trait in the offspring. • Remember every organism has two copies of a gene. Only one of the two is passed to the offspring. • If the genotype of a father is Aa, then he can either pass down A or a. Words to know • Monohybrid cross involves studying a single trait. • Homozygous means that both alleles are the same. We can have homozygous dominant, TT or homozygous recessive tt. • Heterozygous means that the alleles are different from one another. We would have Tt. • With the rule of dominance TT and Tt have the same phenotype. The only way to show a recessive trait is to be homozygous recessive, tt. Monohybrid Cross problem • Widow’s peak is a Parent’s genotype dominant trait (P). • A woman P homozygous dominant for widow’s p peak marries a man Pp without a widow’s peak. What are the chances that their Pp children will have a p widow’s peak? PP x pp P Pp Pp 100% chance that the children will have a widow’s peak. Summary • • • • • What is a genotype and phenotype? Who was Mendel? What are Punnett squares used for? What are alleles? How are homozygous and heterozygous different?