* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Lesson 3
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Fetal origins hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Genetic testing wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Lesson 3 Heredity and Genetics Family members often share a strong physical resemblance. What inherited characteristics are visible in this family? Lesson 3 Lesson Objectives In this lesson, you will learn to: • Examine genetics and its role in fetal development • Identify common genetic disorders • Analyze genetic research and technology and their impact on the health of people with genetic disorders Lesson 3 Heredity Inheriting Traits • No two individuals are exactly alike. Even identical twins have some differences. • Heredity is a significant factor that influences the way an individual develops. • Some traits that you inherit from your parents are your eye and hair color. • Environment can also influence inherited traits. Lesson 3 Heredity Chromosomes and Genes • Most cells of your body contain a nucleus—the cell’s control center. • Inside each nucleus is a set of chromosomes. • Most cells in the body contain 46 chromosomes arranged as 23 pairs. • Sections of chromosomes, called genes, carry codes for specific traits. • Like chromosomes, genes occur in pairs. One gene from each pair is inherited from each parent. Lesson 3 DNA • All living things are made of DNA. • Chemical compounds, called bases, make up the structure of DNA. • The order of the bases is called the genetic code. Cells use the genetic code to make proteins. • Unless you have an identical twin, your DNA is different from that of any other person. Heredity Lesson 3 Genetics and Fetal Development Dominant and Recessive Genes • At least one pair of genes is responsible for each human trait. • Some genes are dominant, and others are recessive. The traits of dominant genes generally appear in offspring whenever they are present. • The traits of recessive genes usually appear only when dominant genes are not present. Lesson 3 Genetics and Fetal Development Genes and Gender • In humans, one pair of chromosomes determines the gender of an individual. • If you are female, these two chromosomes look exactly alike and are called X chromosomes. • If you are male, the two chromosomes differ—one is shorter than the other and is called a Y chromosome. Lesson 3 Genetics and Fetal Development Genetic Makeup • Sperm contain an X or a Y chromosome. Eggs have only an X chromosome. • The gender of a child is determined by which type of sperm—X or Y—unites with an egg. Lesson 3 Genetic Disorders Mutation • Sometimes the genes that an individual inherits contain a mutation, or abnormality, in the base sequence of the genetic code. • Often the mutation has little or no effect on the individual, but sometimes the mutation can result in defects or other health problems. • Some genetic disorders, such as those that cause birth defects, are apparent right away. Lesson 3 Common Human Genetic Disorders Genetic Disorders Lesson 3 Genetic Disorders Test for Genetic Disorders Two common technologies used to test for genetic disorders are: 1. Amniocentesis 2. Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) Lesson 3 Genetic Disorders Genetic Counseling • Research for diagnosing, preventing, and treating genetically related diseases has resulted in a wide variety of programs. • Genetic counselors can advise families about the probability of having a child with a genetically related disease. • They also can guide families of children with genetic disorders about possible treatment options. Lesson 3 Genetic Research to Cure Disease Gene Therapy • When the defective gene is replaced with a normal one using the gene therapy, the cells with the new gene begin to make the missing substance. • The practice of placing fragments of DNA from one organism into another is called genetic engineering, and it is considered highly experimental. • Genetic diseases for which scientists are researching gene therapies include cystic fibrosis and various types of cancer. Lesson 3 Genetic Research to Cure Disease Genetically Engineered Drugs • Genes used to treat disease aren’t usually inserted directly into human beings. • Instead they are placed into other organisms, causing them to produce substances that can be used to treat human diseases and disorders. • Genetically produced medicines include treatments for burns and ulcers, growth defects, and ovarian and breast cancers. • Factor VIII medicines treat hemophilia. Genetic engineering also is used to produce some vaccines that prevent diseases. Lesson 3 Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. Q. The passing of traits from parents to their children is called _________. 1. heredity 2. DNA 3. genes 4. genetic disorder Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer A. 1. heredity The passing of traits from parents to their children is called heredity. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. Q. Which of the following is not a genetic disorder? 1. Sickle-cell anemia 2. Cirrhosis 3. Cystic fibrosis 4. Tay-Sachs disease Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer A. 2. cirrhosis Genetic disorders do not include cirrhosis. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. Q. Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a syringe is inserted through a pregnant female’s abdominal wall and into the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. True False Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer A. True. Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a syringe is inserted through a pregnant female’s abdominal wall and into the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 Quick Review Choose the appropriate option. Q. Fetal development is the making of a new and unique human being. Genetics play only a marginal role in the development of the fetus. True False Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer A. False. Fetal development is the making of a new and unique human being. Genetics play an important role in the development of the fetus. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 End of Lesson 3 Click Home to view the Main menu. Lesson Quick Review - Answer 3 A. Correct! The passing of traits from parents to their children is called heredity. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Lesson 3 Heredity Inheriting Traits • No two individuals are exactly alike. Even identical twins have some differences. • Heredity is a significant factor that influences the way an individual develops. Heredity theinherit from your parents are your eye • Some traits that is you passing of traits and hair color. that are biological from parents • Environment cantoalso influence inherited traits. their children. Lesson 3 Heredity Chromosomes and Genes • Most cells of your body contain a nucleus—the cell’s control center. • Inside each nucleus is a set of chromosomes. A chromosome is • Most acells in the body contain 46 chromosomes arranged as threadlike structure 23 pairs. found within the nucleus of a cell that • Sections of chromosomes, called genes, carry codes for carries the code for specific traits. inherited traits. • Like chromosomes, genes occur in pairs. One gene from each pair is inherited from each parent. Lesson 3 Heredity Chromosomes and Genes • Most cells of your body contain a nucleus—the cell’s control center. • Inside each nucleus is a set of chromosomes. A gene is the basic • Most cells in the body contain 46 chromosomes unit of arranged as 23 pairs. heredity. • Sections of chromosomes, called genes, carry codes for specific traits. • Like chromosomes, genes occur in pairs. One gene from each pair is inherited from each parent. Lesson 3 DNA • All living things are made of DNA. • Chemical compounds, called bases, DNA, or make up the structure of DNA. deoxyribonucleic is the chemical • The order of theacid, bases is called the unit use thatthe makes up genetic code. Cells genetic chromosomes. code to make proteins. • Unless you have an identical twin, your DNA is different from that of any other person. Heredity Lesson 3 Genetic Disorders Mutation • Sometimes the genes that an individual inherits contain a A genetic mutation, or abnormality, in the base sequence of the disorder is a genetic code. disorder caused partly or • Often the mutation has little or no effect on the individual, completely by a but sometimes the mutation can result in defects or other defect in genes. health problems. • Some genetic disorders, such as those that cause birth defects, are apparent right away. Lesson 3 Genetic Disorders Test for Genetic Disorders Two common technologies used to test for genetic disorders are: 1. Amniocentesis 2. Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a syringe is inserted through a pregnant female’s abdominal wall into the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. Lesson 3 Test for Genetic Disorders Genetic Disorders Chorionic villi (CVS) is a Two common technologies used tosampling test for genetic procedure in which a small disorders are: piece of membrane is removed from the chorion, 1. Amniocentesis a layer of tissue that develops into the placenta. 2. Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) Lesson 3 Genetic Research to Cure Disease Gene Therapy • When the defective gene is replaced with a normal one using the gene therapy, the cells with the new gene begin to make the missing substance. Gene therapy • The practice of placing fragments of DNA from one organism is the process of engineering, and it is into another is called genetic normal consideredinserting highly experimental. genes into human • Genetic diseases which scientists are researching gene cells tofor correct therapies include fibrosis and various types of cancer. geneticcystic disorders. Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer A. Correct! Genetic disorders do not include the following: cirrhosis. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer A. Correct! Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a syringe is inserted through a pregnant female’s abdominal wall and into the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer. Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer A. Correct! Fetal development is the making of a new and unique human being. Genetics play an important role in the development of the fetus. Click Next to attempt another question. Lesson 3 Quick Review - Answer You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.