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Science Quick Fact #39 Mars is the 4th planet from the Sun. It is referred to as the "Red Planet" because of its reddish appearance as seen from Earth. Mars has volcanoes, valleys, deserts and polar ice caps. It is the site of Olympus Mons, the highest known mountain in the solar system, and of Valles Marineras, the largest canyon. Science Trivia George is pure dominant for black fur. Gina has white fur. (Make a Punnett Square, and use the letters F or f) What is the probability of having offspring with white fur in the future? ______ black fur in the future? ______ hybrids in the future? ______ purebreds in the future? _____ Agenda • “Plea your Case” on Bar Graphs • Independent Learners free to begin work: Due Date: End of Day on Thursday • Finish Genetics Video (except 1st period) • Finish presenting Discussion Questions (1st) • Fill in rest of Genetics Power Point Notes • White Board Activity • Start Genetics Packets tomorrow • Tentative Test Day: Next W, Th, or Friday DNA • Deoxyribonucleic Acid. • The genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands Chromosome – structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains DNA strands (genetic material) Gene - Section of the DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins Chromosome up close with DNA Gregor Mendel • Austrian monk, considered the Father of Genetics, lived and worked in the 19th century; worked with pea plants Heredity- the passing of traits from parent to offspring Genetics- the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles Allele- an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive Dominant allele Recessive allele (Let’s say it’s the allele that came from mom) (The one that came from dad) Tt Both alleles together make up a gene that the offspring carries. The trait that the offspring has follows the instructions of the dominant allele Hybrid • an offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent + = Dominant • describes a trait that covers over or dominates, another form of that trait Recessive • describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear • Can taste PTC paper • Left-handed • No cleft • Attached ear lobe • Cannot roll tongue • Straight hairline • No freckles • Straight hair Punnett Square • a tool to predict the probability of certain traits showing up in offspring. • shows the different ways alleles can combine Genotype • The gene make up of a specific trait. • These are the LETTERS we assign to the trait! Phenotype • The outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype. Homozygous • describes an organism with two alleles that are the same for a trait BB Heterozygous • describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait Bb Science Quick Fact #36 DNA with genes Genes are “recipes” located on DNA strands that dwell inside 23 pairs of chromosomes found inside the nucleii of each of our cells. Pair of chromosomes DNA Genes tells the body which proteins to make and those proteins go off and make a trait for the body such as tallness, brown eyes, blonde hair, etc.