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Previously on Bio308
Adapted from Fig21-2b
Introduction to
Bipolar Disorder
Parts of a neuron
Types of synapses
Parts of a synapse
Fig21-42
Now on Bio308
Compounds that mediate signaling
Types of responses that occur
Post-synaptic cell receptors
Compounds that mediate signaling
Neurotransmitter vs Neuropeptide vs Neurohormone?
Recognize any structures?
Whats a catechol?
Compounds that mediate signaling
Catecholamines and Bipolar disorder
Catecholamine theory of affective disorder
Mania and depression caused by change in
The amount of activity at noradrenergic synapses
Problems
Use of amino acids as neurotransmitters
Use of nucleotides/nucleosides as neurotransmitters
Use of peptides for paracrine or endocrine signaling
Why might these things pose problems?
How does the body get around those problems?
Ions and the cell
Voltage and membrane potential
Does the type of ion(s) matter?
Concentration gradients and Ex
Where are these ions?
Post-synaptic cell
Ca++
Na+
K+
Cl-
To cell body
Excitatory vs Inhibitory synapses
What are they?
How do ions play a role in these responses?
What lets the ions in?
The action of Receptors
Adapted from fig21-38
Types of neurotransmitter receptors
Types of neurotransmitter receptors
Similarities?
Differences?
Fig 21-38b
Ligand-gated ion channels
Fig 21-41
G protein coupled receptors
Receptors
2 types of acetylcholine
receptors: same ligand
different response
Glutamate
Non-NMDA
Mg++
2 types of glutamate receptors
NMDA
Na+
Na+
Removal of Mg++
Explain response
Coincidence detector
Na+
Ca++
Na+
Na+
Na+
Ca++
Adapted from fig 21-40
Next on Bio308
Neurotransmitters
Soluble
Neurotransmitter receptors
Transmembrane
How do they get where they need to be?
Part I: soluble neuropeptide –From DNA to protein
DNAtranscriptionmRNAtranslationprotein
All in one day!