Download 2 ATP - Loyola Blakefield

Drill
1.What are some differences between the
liquids used in the investigation?
2.Using the terms isotonic, hypotonic and
hypertonic, explain the changes in mass
of the 2 eggs.
3.Would you expect the same results if you
used eggs that were still in their shells?
Objectives
-Introduction: Respiration
-Midterms: 5 minutes
Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
Outline
I. Cellular Respiration
A. Introduction
B. Reactions (Anaerobic and Aerobic)
II. Photosynthesis
A. Introduction
B. Reactions
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Pick a color
What is ATP?
-Adenosine Triphosphate
-Energy used by all cells
-Organic molecules containing highenergy phosphate bonds
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H2 O
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Break bonds…..ENERGY!
An Enzyme!
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Remaking ATP
ATP Synthetasean enzyme that builds ATP from ADP
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The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP
Synthetase
ATP-ase
Copyright Cmassengale
Homework due 1/24/2012
Read pages 221-225
Complete questions on page 237:
#1-6, 10, 12-15
Structure of a Mitochondria

Inner membrane




Outer membrane
Intermembrane space


Composed of folds or
shelves called cristae.
The electron transport
chain occurs along the
cristae.
Gel filled space between
the outer and inner
membrane
Matrix

Gel-like fluid inside the
inner membrane
Cell Respiration
Occurs across
Cristae
Occurs in
Cytoplasm
Occurs in
Matrix
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Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Begins both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration.
• A 10 step process.
2 ATP
Glucose
2 ADP
Requires an
input of
energy to
initiate the
reaction.
2 ADP
NAD+
2 molecules
of G3P
NAD+
2 ATP
NADH
To the
2 molecules
electron
of pyruvate
transport
chain
NADH
2 ATP
2 ADP
Adapted from Glycolysis © Pearson Education, Inc.
An overview of cellular respiration
Electrons carried
via NADH and
FADH2
Electrons
carried
via NADH
Glycolsis
Pyruvate
Glucose
Cytosol
ATP
Figure 9.6
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Citri
c acid
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
Mitochondrion
ATP
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
ATP
Oxidative
phosphorylation

When you exercise, your body uses oxygen
to get energy from glucose, a 6-carbon
sugar
1.
How does your body feel at the start of exercise,
such as a long slow run? How do you feel 1
minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?
2.
What do you think is happening in your cells to
cause the changes in how you feel?
3.
Have you ever had a stomach cramp while
exercising? Think about what was happening
when that occurred.
Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Begins both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration.
• A 10 step process.
2 ATP
Glucose
2 ADP
Requires an
input of
energy to
initiate the
reaction.
2 ADP
NADH
NAD+
2 molecules
of G3P
2 ATP
To the electron
transport chain
NAD+
NADH
2 ATP
2 ADP
Adapted from Glycolysis © Pearson Education, Inc.
2 molecules
of pyruvate
Cellular Respiration: GLYCOLYSIS
–
Reactions to hydrolyze a 6-C glucose molecule into
two 3-C molecules called pyruvate/pyruvic acid
–
All organisms from simple bacteria to humans
perform it the same way
–
Cytoplasm & Anaerobic
*Input: 2 ATP molecules
*Yield: 2 ATP molecules/ glucose molecule
*Yield: 2 NADH/ glucose molecule
•Produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP
•Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and
CO2 is removed
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Some organisms thrive in little or no oxygen
–

Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment ponds
No more ATP:
final steps in these pathways serve ONLY to regenerate
NAD+ so it can return to pick up more electrons and
hydrogens in glycolysis.

Produces: ethanol and CO2 (single cell fungi (yeast)
in beer/bread) or lactic acid (muscle cells)
Fermentation
 Occurs when O2 NOT present
(anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in
muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast
(produces ethanol)
Nets only 2 ATP
Copyright Cmassengale
Fermentation
LAB




Review Lab Procedure
Pre-lab questions
Lab
Lab Report.
http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/m
/micro-yeast-522314-sw.jpg
WHIP AROUND
Stand up with a partner, back to back,
with both individuals easily viewing the board
True or False
Glucose and oxygen are the reactants
of cellular respiration
True or False
Photosynthesis takes place in the
mitochondrial matrix
True or False
Fermentation yields only 2 ATP
True or False
The Krebs cycle yields 2 pyruvic acid
True or False
Aerobic respiration is the most
efficient manner of energy production
1.When ATP is recharged, that means that a
___________ is being added onto _______.
2. When ATP is spent or used, that means that a
___________ is taken off of ______ _.
3. _________can be compared to a fully-charged
battery
_________can be compared to a run-down
battery.
4. Energy is stored for use by cells in ATP
molecules. What is the source of that energy?
Wednesday February 2, 2011
1)
2)
3)
4)
Review and collect yeast problem
Aerobic respiration-Krebs cycle
Quiz: Monday
HW: posted online
Read pg 220-227
pg 237 q. 1-10, 12-13-14-15
Aerobic Cellular Respiration


Oxygen required=aerobic
2 more sets of reactions which occur in a
specialized structure within the cell called the
mitochondria


1. Kreb’s Cycle
2. Electron Transport Chain
Kreb’s Cycle

Completes the breakdown of glucose



Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it down,
the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in CO2 and
H2O
Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and loaded
onto NAD+ and FAD to produce NADH and
FADH2
Production of only 2 more ATP but loads up
the coenzymes with H+ and electrons which
move to the 3rd stage
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain



Electron carriers loaded with electrons and
protons from the Kreb’s cycle move to this
chain-like a series of steps (staircase).
As electrons drop down stairs, energy released
to form a total of 32 ATP
Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up
electrons and protons and in doing so becomes
water
Electron Transport
Figure 8.14 Electron transport occurs along the mitochondrial membrane.
Energy Tally

36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic

Glycolysis
2 ATP

Kreb’s
2 ATP

Electron Transport
32 ATP
36 ATP

Anaerobic organisms can’t be too energetic but
are important for global recycling of carbon
A Summary of Glycolysis
Process
Glycolysis
Where in the
cell does this
process occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the
reactants of
this process?
Glucose
(C6H12O6)
2 ATP
4 ADP
+
2 NAD
4
What are the
products of this
process?
2 ADP
4 ATP
4
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
How many ATP
are generated?
Net of
2 ATP
A Summary of the Krebs Cycle
Process
Krebs Cycle
Where in the
cell does this
process occur?
Mitochondria
Matrix
What are the
reactants of
this process?
2 pyruvate
2 ADP
2 FAD
8 NAD+
What are the
products of this
process?
2 ATP
8 NADH
6 CO2
2 FADH2
How many ATP
are generated?
2 ATP
A Summary of Electron Transport
Process
Electron
Transport
Where in the
cell does this
process occur?
Inner Membrane
of the
Mitochondria
What are the
reactants of
this process?
2 FADH2
32 ADP
10 NADH
6 O2
What are the
products of this
process?
32 ATP
10 NAD+
6 H2 O
2 FAD
How many ATP
are generated?
32 ATP
A Summary of Cellular Respiration
Process
Where in the
cell does this
process occur?
Glycolysis Cytoplasm
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Mitochondrial
Matrix
Inner
Membrane of
the
Mitochondria
What are the
reactants of
this process?
What are the
products of this
process?
Glucose
2 ADP
2 NAD++
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
2 pyruvate
2 ADP
2 FAD +
8 NAD+
2 ATP
8 NADH
6 CO2
2 FADH2
2 FADH2
32 ADP
10 NADH
6 O2
32 ATP
10 NAD+
6 H2O
2 FAD
How many ATP
are generated?