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In your notes, separate all these organisms into 2
groups. (INDIVIDUALLY)
Messy Chapter! 
• Lots of material
• Important to read sections PRIOR to lesson
Sunlight Powers Life
• Certain organisms convert energy from
sun to chemical energy in food…
– Some make food themselves
• AUTOtrophs producers (photosynthesis)
– Some rely on others for food
• HETEROtrophs consumers
ALWAYS starts with the sun!
Harvesting Energy in Food
• Plants and other producers use light energy
to make organic molecules
• Cellular Respiration is the chemical process
that uses oxygen to convert the chemical
energy stored in organic molecules into
another form of energy
 ATP (main energy supply)
Working Together
• The products of
photosynthesis are
the chemical
ingredients for
cellular respiration
• The products of
cellular respiration
are the chemical
ingredients for
photosynthesis
Types of Energy (NRG)
• Kinetic anything moving
• Potential stored energy
• Chemical form of potential, depends on the
structure of molecules
– Organic molecules have high chemical NRG
– Calorie amount of NRG needed to raise the
temperature of 1g of water by one
degree C
– Kcal
ATP packs energy for cellular work
• Chemical NRG stored in foods (organic molecules)
must first be converted to ATP
What is ATP? Pg 143
Structure Adenosine TRI-phosphate
How is works “compressed spring” joins chemical
reaction potential NRG is released (loose 1 P)
ATP ADP (lost a P, adenosine DI-phosphate)
ATP
• Adenosine Tri
DiPhosphate
P
P
P
• ATP ADP + P + energy
• Energy released used in metabolic activity
ATP & Cellular Work
• What ATP does
– energy for dehydration synthesis for linked AA
– contraction of muscle cells
– crossing across cell membrane
– Electron transport chain
ATP Cycle
• ATP continuously converted to ADP as
cells do work… but need cant use ADP…
• Recycles!
• Page 144
Cellular Respiration  ATP
• NRG in food used to make ATP (NRG for cellular work)
• Cell Respiration happens in inner membrane of
mitochondria
• MANY STEPS!!
Glycolysis  Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain
38 ATP total
ATP and Cell Respiration
• Cell respiration main goal is to make ATP for cell
work
6 Carbon
Dioxide
Glucose
38
6 Oxygen
What you need to write…
1 Glucose  38 ATP
6 Water
ATP
Cellular Respiration  ATP
• NRG in food used to make ATP (NRG for cellular work)
• Cell Respiration happens in inner
membrane of mitochondria
• MANY STEPS!!
Glycolysis  Krebs Cycle Electron Transport
Chain 38 ATP total
STOP
Mitochondrion!
• Cell respiration happens in the mito
• Structure of mito is KEY to its role in respiration
– Envelope of 2 membranes
– Thick fluid between inner and outer membrane (called the
matrix)
– Complex folding high surface area  maximize ATP
production
Stage 1: Glycolysis Pg 149
• Occurs outside the mitochondria
– In the cytoplasm
• What glycolysis needs (input)
– 2 ATP molecules, 1 Glucose Molecule, 2 NAD+
• What glycolysis produces (output)
– 2 NET ATP (4 total)
– 2 Pyruvic acids
– 2 NADH (each holds 2 electrons)  TO
– 2 Water Molecules
ETC
Steps of Glycolysis
• What happens
– 1. 2 ATP splits glucose in half
Yields 2 Carbon molecules each with a P group
– 2. Each carbon molecule transfers electrons AND
hydrogen ions to a carrier molecule (NAD+)
– 3. NAD+ then turns into NADH with the addition of
the 2 electrons and 1 hydrogen
– 4. Through a chemical reaction a P is taken from the
carbon molecule forms ATP (2 for every NADH)
INVESTED 2 ATP YIELDED 4 ATP  net gain
2ATP
e
ADP
ATP
ADP
NAD+
ATP
e
NADH
ATP
P
P
ATP
ADP
3 Carbon
3 Carbon
3 Carbon
2 Pyruvic Acids
6 Carbon
3 Carbon
Glucose
3 Carbon
P
ADP
e
NAD+
3 Carbon
ATP
e
NADH
ATP
Both NADH move to the
ETC
Add 2 ATP REACTIONS OCCUR RESULT 4 ATP
BUT!! 2 invested so
NET gain is 2 ATP
Stage 2: The Krebs Cycle Pg 150
• Finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid into carbon
dioxide (releases more NRG)
• Where this occurs matrix of mito
• Input Acetyl CoA
– 1 Pyruvic acid – CO2 = 1 Acetyl CoA (happens twice)
– During this we make 2 NADH and 2 Water molecules
• Output 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2
the 6 NADH & 2 FADH2 go to the ETC
The Krebs Cycle
• 1. Acetyl CoA joins acceptor
molecule
– Produces 2 CO2
• 2. Electron Carriers (NADH & FADH2)
trap NRG
• 3. One ATP, 3 NADH, 1
FADH2 & 2 CO2 is produced
for every 1 Acetyl CoA
– THEREFORE…
• KREBS turns TWICE for every 1
Acetyl CoA (also for every glucose)
ALMOST DONE!!
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
(ETC) pg 151-152
• Where inner membrane of mito
• Input NADH transfer electrons to ETC
• Output 34 ATP
– Joins with 2 ATP from glycolysis and 2 ATP
from Krebs
• 36-38 ATP total from 1 glucose molecule
• Add 2 ATP to start reaction!
The ETC
2 steps : ETC and ATP Synthase
• 1. ALL electron carriers carry electrons to ETC
• 2. Move down “chain” being more strongly attracted
as they move from protein to protein
• 3. Oxygen is the FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR,
uses them to form water with hydrogen atoms
• 4. AS electrons move, hydrogen atoms pumped
across membrane from low to high concentration
ATP Synthase
• NRG stored from ETC used in ATP
synthase
– 5. Rush downhill through this structure
– 6. Uses NRG from H+ ions to convert
ADP ATP
– 7. Makes 34 ATP
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
ETC of Glycolysis 2 NADH Run
P
2
4 e-
H+
ALL
H+
Pump
ed
Down
Protein
3
Protein
1
H+ H+ H+
Protein
4
ATP
Synthase
4 e-
4 e-
½ O2
Makes
Water
2
NADH
2 NAD+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
6 ATP
Molecules
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
ETC of Pyruvate 2 NADH Run
P
2
4 e-
H+
ALL
H+
Pump
ed
Down
Protein
3
Protein
1
H+ H+ H+
Protein
4
ATP
Synthase
4 e-
4 e-
½ O2
Makes
Water
2
NADH
2 NAD+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
6 ATP
Molecules
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
ETC of Krebs 6 NADH Run
Protein
1
P
2
12 e-
H+ H+ H+
H+
ALL
H+
Pump
ed
Down
Protein
3
Protein
4
12 e-
12 e-
ATP
Synthase
½ O2
Makes
Water
6
NADH
6 NAD+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
18 ATP
Molecules
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+ H+ H+
H+
ETC of Krebs 2 FADH2 Run
Protein
1
Protein
3
4 e-
Protein
4
P
2
2
FADH2
ATP
Synthase
2 FAD+
4 ATP
ATP Synthase
•
•
•
•
2 NADH from Glycolysis forms 12 H+ Ions, 6 ATP
2 NADH from Pyruvate forms 12 H +Ions, 6 ATP
6 NADH from Krebs 36 H+ ions, 18 ATP
2 FADH2 from Krebs  4 ATP (no ions)
34 ATP made TOTAL
ALL GO THROUGH PROCESS of pumping 1 H+ ion
for every 1 electron (every carrier has 2 electrons)
Summary
• Glycolysis
– Out of mito
– 1 Glucose2 Pyruvic Acids, 4 ATP made, 2 NADH
• 2 Pyruvic  2 Acetyl CoA 2 NADH and 2 H20
• Krebs
– Matrix fluid inside inner membrane of mito
– 2 Acetyl CoA 4 CO2 , 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
• ETC
– Inner membrane
– 34 ATP made from electron carriers PLUS the ATP
made during glycolysis and Krebs =
NET ATP 38 (-2 put in) = 36 GAINED ATP
7.5 Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs
ETC
input
2 ATP
molecules
Breaks down
pyruvic acid
molecules
NADH
Electrons from
sugar to
electron
transport chain
ADP
Output
4 ATP
2 pryuvic
2 ATP
molecules
34 ATP
Today…
• Review Cellular Respiration
• Learn 7.6 Fermentation
• Video clip on muscle strength and cellular
respiration
• Reflection Activity
What we know…
• Body uses oxygen & chemical energy to
ATP
make ____________
(NRG for cell work)
• Cellular respiration has 3 steps
Glycolysis
2
– 1.____________,
makes _____ATP
Krebs
2
– 2.____________,
makes _____ATP
ETC
34
– 3.____________,
makes _____ATP
But what if there is no oxygen present?
7.6 Fermentation
• Some of your cells can produce ATP and
continue working for short periods
without oxygen
• Where this can happen
– Muscle Cells
– Microorganisms
Fermentation in Muscles
Makes ATP only through glycolysis
– Does not use oxygen (anaerobic)
• Not very efficient but by burning enough
glucose it creates enough ATP for short
bursts of NRG
• Sprint lungs and blood stream cant
supply oxygen fast enough to meet needs
for ATP
Fermentation in Muscles
• Side effects of fermentation
– Lactic acid
• Soreness
• Body consumes oxygen to convert lactic acid to
pyruvic acid
Fermentation in Microorganisms
• Yeast
– Fermentation and cell respiration
• Kept in anaerobic conditions (no oxygen) they use
fermentation
• Kept in aerobic (presence of oxygen) conditions
they respiration
– Yeast fermentation produces alcohol; releases
CO2
• Also in breads
Video Clip
How training prevents the use of
fermentation in muscles
Reflection Activity
Individually
• Design your own organisms!
– An anaerobic organism
• ( no oxygen, it will kill it)
– An aerobic organism (oxygen to survive)
– An organism that can do both
• Describe its living conditions (where does it live,
what does it eat, is it social…etc)