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Proteins… ► Let’s Review…… then….. ► Let’s discover proteins…. ► PollEv.com/tinalambiase209 Functions of Proteins … ► Enzymes – reduces activation energy Ex: amylase – helps to digest amylose ATP synthase – helps to make ATP Structural Proteins – provide support ex: elastin, horn, silk (web), keratin (hair & nails) Movement – actin and myosin muscles Defense – antibodies in bloodstream Storage – albumin in egg whites Signaling – growth hormones in bloodstream What do you think is happening to the proteins within these eggs???? ►! Proteins ►C, H, O, N and sometimes S ►Made in ribosomes ►Cell membranes ►Hormones (insulin) ►Hemoglobin ►Enzymes (control the rate of reactions) Building Blocks of Proteins Amino Acids ►Amino Group – NH2 ►Carboxyl group –COOH ►Variable group –R Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins ► Removal of a water molecule from amino acids to make proteins. Dipeptide – two amino acids together Tripeptide – three amino acids together Polypeptide – more than three amino acids together All linked together with “Peptide Bonds” Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins ► Amino Acid + Amino Acid -- Dipeptide + Water Removing the water molecule ► Producing a peptide bond Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins Dipeptide ►Locate your peptide bond!!! Can you draw a peptide bond? ►Which two functional groups join to make the peptide bond??? How do we break proteins down?? HYDROLYSIS ►Add the water molecule back in to replace the peptide bond ►Put the amino acids back to the way they were!!! ►Each amino acid must have an amino group –NH2 and a carboxyl group -COOH Hydrolysis ► Dipeptide + water = amino acid + amino acid ► Tripeptide + 2 water molecules = amino acid + amino acid + amino acid ►NOW YOU TRY…… Hydrolysis of Proteins Hydrolysis is the OPPOSITE of dehydration synthesis ►What reaction is this? ►Can you locate the peptide bond?