Download Carbon Compounds slideshow Carbon Compounds

Q: What’s the difference between atoms and
molecules? Elements and compounds?
A:
Molecules are made up of two or more atoms
joined together.
Compounds are made up of two or more
elements.
B. What is everything made of?
• Element – Substance that can’t be broken down to any simpler
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
substance, e.g. ____________,
_____________,
______________
element
• Atom – Basic unit of matter, smallest particle of an _______________.
• Compound – Pure substance made of two or more elements, e.g.
water (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
______________
_______________________
atoms
• Molecule – Particle made of two or more __________
joined together.
compound
Smallest particle of a __________________
Carbon Compounds
Essential Questions
1.
2.
What nutrients do all living things need?
What are the building blocks of cells?
1. The author states that “no other element even comes close to
matching carbon’s versatility.” (p. 44). Describe three different
things carbon can do that makes it useful to living things.



Can join with other elements: oxygen, hydrogen,
nitrogen, etc.
Can join with other carbon atoms to form chains, rings
Can form millions of big, complex structures.
2. What are the four
groups of organic
compounds found in
living things?




Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Finish for homework!
18. Use the information from questions 1-17 to fill
in the summary table below:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Elements
Categories/Forms
Functions
Google search
Food Sources
Proteins
3. What chemical elements make up carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about
carbohydrates:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Starches and sugars are examples of
carbohydrates.
Living things use them as their main source
of energy.
Sugar molecules are made up of starch
molecules joined together in chains.
Plants and some animals use them for
strength and rigidity.
monosaccharides
5. Single sugar molecules are also called __________________
6. Circle the letter of each monosaccharide.
a. galactose
b. glycogen
c. glucose
d. fructose
7. What are polysaccharides?
Chain of monosaccharides, bunch of sugars joined together.
8. How do animals and plants store excess sugar?


Animals store as glycogen (chain of glucose molecules)
in the liver
Plants store excess sugar as starch
9. What elements are lipids mostly made of?
Carbon and hydrogen (some oxygen too)
10. What are three common categories of lipids?
waxes
oils
Fats
a. ________________
b. ______________
c. _____________
11. Circle the letter of each way that fats are used in
living things:
a.
b.
c.
d.
As parts of biological
membranes
To store energy
To give plants rigidity
As chemical messengers
12. What elements are nucleic acids made up of?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus
13. What is the function of nucleic acids in living things?
Store genetic information, traits passed from parents to
offspring.
14. What are two kinds of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
15. What chemical elements make up proteins?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
amino acids.
16. Proteins are made of smaller molecules called ____________
17. What are four roles that proteins play in living things?
Control rate of chemical reactions (enzymes)
a. ____________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________
Make muscle, bone, cells, and tissues
c. ________________________________
Transport things in and out of cells
Help fight diseases (antibodies)
d. ________________________________
18. Use the information from questions 1-17 to fill
in the summary table below:
Carbohydrates
Elements
Categories/Forms
Functions
Food Sources
Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
Starches, sugars
Main source of
energy
Breads, cereals,
rice, pasta,
potato, dairy
Lipids
Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
Fats, oils
Store energy
Meat, dairy, fried
foods
Proteins
Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen
Enzymes,
antibodies, etc.
Form cells &
tissues, control
rates of chem
rxns, fight disease
Meat, fish, eggs,
nuts, dry beans
Ingredients for Life: Carbon
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=fXIFDHUr4QE
Questions?
Polymers


Monomer = __one____ unit molecule
Polymer = molecule made of ____many__ units
Fatty Acids

Saturated


Found in animal fats, usually s____________ at room
temperature
Unsaturated

Found in plants, usually l______________ at room
temperature.
Fatty Acids

Saturated


Found in animal fats, usually _solid_______ at room
temperature
Unsaturated

Found in plants, usually l______________ at room
temperature.
Fatty Acids

Saturated


Found in animal fats, usually _solid_______ at room
temperature
Unsaturated

Found in plants, usually __liquid______ at room
temperature.
Which fatty acids are less healthy
for you, saturated or unsaturated?


_________________________________
Why? ____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Which fatty acids are less healthy
for you, saturated or unsaturated?


______saturated_________________
Why? ____________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Which fatty acids are less healthy
for you, saturated or unsaturated?


______saturated_________________
Why? ____saturated fats are solid at room
temp., easier to form clots and clog
arteries.___________________________
_________________________________
Clogged arteries
How do living things use lipids?


Fat, storage of
energy.
Makes up cell
membranes
Why are lipids
good molecules
for cell
membranes?
Why are lipids good molecules for cell
membranes?
They don’t mix with
water, keeps
membrane from
dissolving in water
oil
water
What foods are good sources of lipids?
Meat, dairy, fried foods
______________________________
Proteins


Made of
carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen, and
n__________.
Polymer made
up of a______
acids
Proteins


Made of
carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen, and
nitrogen___.
Polymer made
up of a______
acids
Proteins


Made of
carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen, and
nitrogen___.
Polymer made
up of amino__
acids
Amino Acids: Building Blocks of
P____________

20 different amino acids are incorporated into
proteins.
Amino Acids: Building Blocks of
__Proteins_____

20 different amino acids are incorporated into
proteins.
Amino Acids
How do living things use proteins?
1. Control rate of chemical reactions, e.g.
digestive e________________.
How do living things use proteins?
1. Control rate of chemical reactions, e.g.
digestive enzymes__________.
How do living things use proteins?
2. Building
materials for all
cells and
tissues, e.g.
skin, bone,
m___________
How do living things use proteins?
2. Building
materials for all
cells and
tissues, e.g.
skin, bone,
_muscle______
How do living things use proteins?
3. Transport oxygen
in blood, e.g.
h______________
4. Fight infections,
e.g.
a______________
How do living things use proteins?
3. Transport oxygen
in blood, e.g.
hemoglobin_____
4. Fight infections,
e.g.
a______________
How do living things use proteins?
3. Transport oxygen
in blood, e.g.
hemoglobin_____
4. Fight infections,
e.g.
antibodies_______
How do living things use proteins?
5. Movement, e.g. m_____________ cells
How do living things use proteins?
5. Movement, e.g. muscle________ cells
How do living things use proteins?
6. Control what goes in and out of cells
through cell m___________________
How do living things use proteins?
6. Control what goes in and out of cells
through cell _membranes___________
Protein Structure


The structure of proteins is fundamental
for their function (i.e. what they look like
determines what they can do)
Proteins have four levels of structure:




Primary (1st level)
Secondary (2nd level)
Tertiary (3rd level)
Quaternary (4th level)
Levels of Protein Structure
Primary Structure


Order of amino acids joined together in
polypeptide chain.
The polypeptide chain below is made up of
amino acids glycine, isoleucene, valine,
cysteine, etc. bonded together.
Secondary Structure

2-dimensional folding patterns formed by
polypeptide chain. Like what a bunch of string
would look like laid flat on a table…..
β-Pleated
Sheet
α-Helix
Tertiary Structure


3D structure of
polypeptide chain
Like what a coil of
copper wire looks like
in 3-dimensional
space.
Quaternary Structure


Sum of all
polypeptide
chains joined
together to form
whole protein
molecule.
Each different
color section = 1
polypeptide
What foods are good sources of
protein?
Meat, poultry, fish, dairy, nuts, eggs, dry beans
______________________________
Nucleic Acids



Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and p____________________
Used by living things to store and transmit
hereditary information, i.e. characteristics
passed on from parents to offspring
Most common forms: _____________ and
_______________
Nucleic Acids



Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus___________
Used by living things to store and transmit
hereditary information, i.e. characteristics
passed on from parents to offspring
Most common forms: _____________ and
_______________
Nucleic Acids



Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus___________
Used by living things to store and transmit
hereditary information, i.e. characteristics
passed on from parents to offspring
Most common forms: ______DNA____
and ______RNA______
Nucleotides


Building blocks
of nucleic acids
3 parts:



5 carbon sugar
Phosphate
group
Nitrogenous
base
DNA




Deoxyribonucleic
acid
U_____________
genetic code
Genetic blueprint
Contains info
needed to make
proteins, to build
a new body.
DNA




Deoxyribonucleic
acid
Universal_______
genetic code
Genetic blueprint
Contains info
needed to make
proteins, to build
a new body.
How sugar affects the brain
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-sugar-affects-the-brainnicole-avena?utm_source=TEDEd+Subscribers&utm_campaign=6124d2a12a2013_09_219_19_2013&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0
_1aaccced48-6124d2a12a-46516589