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Chapter 6-3: Life Substances Isomers Molecules with same formula but it makes two different things Ex: C6H12O6 makes both glucose and fructose Polymers Really big molecules that are formed from lots of smaller molecules Ex: Lots of legos build a castle Polymers cont… Condensation—process builds polymers that Polymers cont… Hydrolysis—process that breaks polymers apart Carbohydrates Polymer made up of sugars Used for quick energy Carbohydrate cont… Monosaccharide—simple sugar Glucose—what plants “eat” Fructose—sugar in fruit Carbohydrate cont… Disaccharide—Two sugars Sucrose (table sugar)—like candy Carbohydrate cont… Polysaccharide—many sugars Starch—found in potatoes and pasta Glycogen—found in liver Cellulose—found in green plants Lipids AKA: Fats and Oils It’s nonpolar, so water cannot dissolve it Used to store energy, insulate and protect Lipids cont… Saturated—bad for you (butter) Unsaturated—good for you (peanut butter) Proteins Polymer made up of amino acids Peptide bond—holds amino acids together into a protein Proteins cont… Make up hair, nails, horns and hoofs Proteins cont… Help contract muscles Transport oxygen in blood Proteins cont… Provide immunity (fights off disease) Carry out chemical reactions Ex: Enzyme (speeds up chemical reaction) Nucleic Acids Polymer made up of nucleotides Nucleic Acids cont… DNA—Deoxyribonucleic Acid Contains instructions on how to make a protein Contains genetic information Nucleic Acids cont… RNA—Ribonucleic Acid Helps make proteins