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Organic compound – a compound containing two or more “C” atoms
Inorganic compound – all other compounds
Organic Molecules
Monomers = “single unit”
OR
Polymers = “many units”
Large polymers are called Macromolecules – “giant molecules”
4 Major Classes of Macromolecules
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Nucleic Acids
 Proteins
1. Carbohydrates = Sugars and starches, made of “C”, “H”, and “O” (1:2:1)
Main source of energy, used for structural purposes
 Sugars
end in -ose
C6H12O6
 Monosaccharide - single (1) sugar
 glucose, fructose, galactose
 Disaccharide – two (2) sugars
 Sucrose (table sugar)
 Polysaccharide - many sugars (starch)
 Cellulose in plants
 Glycogen in animals
2. Lipids – fats, oils and waxes  LOTS of stored energy
 Made mostly of “C’ and “H”,
=COOH (carboxyl group)
 Part of cell membranes and waterproof coverings
 Saturated – cholesterol
 Unsaturated – olive oil
 Polyunsaturated – corn oil
3. Nucleic Acids – store and transmit hereditary or genetic information
 Made of “C”, “H”, “O”, “N”, and “P”
 Assembled from nucleotides
 5-Carbon sugar,
phosphate group, and
nitrogenous base
 DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid
 RNA – Ribonucleic acid
4. Proteins – polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
 Used to build cells, transport molecules, and control the rate of reactions
 Made of “C”, “H”, “O”, and “N”
 20 different amino acids
a process of change in one set of chemicals into another set of chemical
(involves breaking bonds in reactants to form new bonds in products)
 Reactants – what goes in
 Products – what comes out
Catalysts - used to speed up a reaction (not used or changed in reaction)
 Ex. = Enzymes (proteins) - catalyze important chemical reactions in living
organisms
Each enzyme contains active sites that
will fit only specific items. These
items are called substrates. Only
those specific substrates fit the active
site. Lock  Key