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Transcript
Carbohydrates What are carbohydrates? Are an organic compound that your body uses these biomolecules for the storage of nutrients and the transfer of energy in the body . What are the building blocks of Carbohydrates? MONOMER/Building Block: 1 carbohydrate – Monosaccharide C6H12O6 What elements make up Carbohydrates? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Why are carbohydrates needed for us to live? Primary Function Carbohydrates provide energy! Starch (Plants) Glycogen (Animals) Secondary Function Serve as structural components in living things Cellulose (Plants) Chitin (Animals) What are some examples of carbohydrates? Some examples of carbohydrates are – Glucose – Fructose – Galactose – Pasta – Bread – Sucrose (table sugar) LIPIDS!! • What are lipids? • Lipids are non-polar organic compounds that are insoluble in water and required by all living things for survival. • What are the building blocks of lipids? • Lipids are polymers that are made up of monomers known as Glycerol and fatty acids – Each monomer has 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids • What elements make up lipids? • Lipids are made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen • Why are lipids needed for us to live? • Lipids make up parts of our cells, tissues and organs. • Stored lipids serve as an energy source • Insulates body tissues • Cushions and protects organs • Synthesize hormones and Vitamin D • What are some examples of lipids? • Some examples of lipids are – Phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane – Waxes – Oils – Fats – Steroids – Cholesterol Nucleic Acids!!! What are Proteins? Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. What are the building blocks of proteins? Amino Acids (20) What elements make up Proteins? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen Why are proteins needed for us to live? Build living tissue/Structure Transport Storage Immune System Movement Enzymes Coordinate body’s activities What are examples of proteins? Collagen Hemoglobin Insulin Muscles Pepsin Enzymes Lactase Amylase How do Enzymes work? Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions Enzymes work at a specific temperature and pH level Enzymes work on specific substrates Amylase breaks down Starch Maltase breaks down Maltose Sucrase breaks down Sucrose Lipase breaks down Fats Pepsin breaks down Proteins Enzymes fit into the substrate like a key fits into a lock What are nucleic acids? Nucleic acids are organic compounds needed for life. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? Nucleotides What elements make up nucleic acids? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous Why are nucleic acids needed for life? Store & Transfer genetic Information What are examples of nucleic acids? DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)