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Biomaterial production
A. Rouilly & C. Vaca-Garcia
INPT
Potentiality of industrial use of
oil-cakes to make materials
• Huge ressource [Cetiom, 2007]
European production of oilcakes in 2005:
• Sunflower: 2.2 Mt
• Rapeseed: 7.7 Mt
• Soybean: 10.9 Mt
• High potentiality
• Very low quoted price
• ≈ 150 euros/ton for sunflower & rapeseed
• Low tonnage for materials applications: no competition
with food or feed
Plastic properties of oilseed protein
• Storage protein
– Main non-lignocellulosic component
– Two main globulin fraction: 11S & 7S
– Protein content in oilcake: ≈30%
• Protein-based materials [Rouilly, 2002 + many references]
– Film by casting: easy, all sources of protein
– Film by hot pressing: good mechanical properties, all sources
of protein
– Particle boards: protein as binder
– Injection-molding & extrusion: soy & sunflower protein
• Complicated rheological behaviour
Injection-molding of sunflower
oilcakes
• Methodology: [Rouilly, 2002 + 2 PhD thesis]
– Twin screw extrusion process: defibration,
texturation of protein & compounding
– Classical injection-molding
• Materials
– Properties are density driven
– Tensile properties:
• UTS up to 12 MPa
• Ey up to 2 GPa
– Interesting moisture resistance
Examples
Industrial perspective (1/3)
• Cost estimate of compounds
– Based on Agromat equipment
– 0,56 €/Kg (≈ half a basic plastic)
Industrial perspective (2/3)
• Injection-molding
– Based on flower pots production
– Cycle time: ≈ 30s
– Specific Know-How
Industrial perspective (3/3)
• Environmental benefits of natural biocomposites
– Biodegradable material
– No waste
– Low Carbone Balance®
Conclusion
• occurrence of lignocellulosic fibers avoids the
complete coagulation of proteins and facilitates
processes like extrusion or injection-molding
• mechanical properties of oil cake-based materials are
lower than for similar starch-based composites but
they possess a natural resistance to moisture that
should broaden the field of applications, especially for
horticulture
• the economical and environmental assessments of oil
cakes-based are really good
Outlooks
• rapeseed and linseed should be tested to evaluate the
real potentials and the influence of some specific
factors: polyphenolic compounds, amino acid
composition, specific constituent (e.g. mucilage,
starch..)
• the “melt” rheological behavior of oilseed protein is
not controlled (cross-linking, kinetic factor...)
• improvement of oil cake-based materials should be
investigated, the protein enrichment of the oil
extraction by-product could be an interesting way