Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell Organelles and Organization Two Major Types of Cells • Prokaryote- organisms that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (bacteria) • Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei (plants and animals) and membrane bound organelles as well as other cell structures Cellular Organization • Cells are diverse in their size and shape and type • All cells are made up of some basic parts – A boundary – An interior substance – A control center Cell Membrane • • • • Also called Plasma Membrane Location: Outside perimeter Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals Function: controls what enter and leaves the cell Structure of Cell Membrane • Selectively Permeable: –picks and chooses what is allowed to enter/exit Cytoplasm • Location: Jelly-like substance in between cell membrane and nucleus • Plants and Animals & Prokaryotes • Function: metabolism Nucleus • Plants and Animals • Function: Control center for metabolism and reproduction Chromatin/Chromosomes • Inside nucleus • Plants and Animals • Function: DNA Nuclear Envelope: • Surrounds the nucleus • Plants and Animals • Allows things to enter and exit nucleus Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Plants and Animals • Function: makes ribosomes Ribosomes • Plants and Animals • Function: makes proteins Cell Wall • Location: outside perimeter • Found in prokaryotes and plants • Function: gives cells its shape and protection Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Plants and Animals • Function: highway of cell; moves material from one end to the next Two Types: • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): ribosomes attached • Smooth ER: no ribosomes Goligi Bodies or Complex • Plants and Animals • Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes • Membrane bound sacs that modify and transport proteins to parts of the cell Lysosome • Plants and Animals • Garbage disposal; break down/digests food or bacteria Mitochondria • Plants and Animals • Powerhouse of cell • Produces energy for the cell Microtubules • Eukaryotes (plants and animals) • Gives cell shape Microfilaments • Eukaryotes (plants and animals) • Involved with cell movement Cilia and Flagella • Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (plants and animals) • Function: Hair-like structures for movement Cilia and Flagella • Cilia • Flagella Vacuoles • Plants: one large one • Animals: several small ones • Function: isolating threats, containing wastes, materials like ions, water(similar to sponge) Plastids • Plants only • Two types: 1. Leucoplasts: starch storage 2. Chromoplasts: pigments for color Chloroplast • Type of chromoplast • Contains chlorophyll; site for photosynthesis • Grana and stoma are part of chloroplast Endosymbiosis • Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were really once bacteria or prokaryotes Centrioles • Inside cells • animals • Function: cellular division Organization of Cells in Living Things: Unicellular Organisms • Example: bacteria, fungi, algae • Able to carry on all life processes • Usually colonial organisms Multicellular Organisms • Cells---Tissues---Organ---Organ Systems Tissue • Group of cells that are similar and perform same function • Types: epithelial (skin), connective (bone), and muscle to name a few Organ • Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function • EX: Stomach, Liver Organ System • Group of organs that work together to perform a function • EX: digestive system Critical Thinking Question • Why do you think the cells of all multicellular organisms are specialized?