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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - 1974
For “the structure and functional organization of the cell”
Albert Claude
Christian de Duve
George E. Palade
Modern Cell Biology – Structure and Function
A Membrane Bound Perspective
1938 - Electron microscope available
Albert Claude – Rockefeller Institute used EM for visualizing cells
Invented differential centrifugation and went on to
discover the endoplasmic reticulum
George Palade – Discovered ribosomes and determined that they
carry out protein synthesis
Went on to show that vesicles travel from ER to
golgi to outside of the cell
Christian de Duve – Used fractionation to isolate groups of enzymes
discovered lysosome and perioxisome
A WELL-KNOWN TECHNIQUE FOR USING
35S OR 3H TO STUDY PROTEIN MOVEMENT
WITHIN A CELL
Pulse of pancreatic B
cells with 3H
After 10 minutes, insulin
moves from ER to Golgi
After 45 minutes, the
protein is found in the
secretory granules
Flourescence Recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)
Flourescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP)
pg 608 in your book
Three main types of coated vesicles:
Clathrin is also involved in receptor mediated endocytosis
http://www.abcam.com/
BOTH Clathrin and COPI/II assembly requires GTPases