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SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow0jH2Eg8v4
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Specialized cells – learning goals
•
Recognize the basic structure of cells
•
Identify specialized cells
•
Understand the connection between specialized
structures and functions of some plant and animal cells
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8uXewS9dJU
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
CELLS: Basic Structure
Vacuole
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Cell
membrane
Chloroplast
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
All cells have these features in common:
a nucleus
contains genetic material which controls the cell's behaviour.
cytoplasm
where chemical processes take place
a cell membrane
which controls what passes into and out of the cell
Some Specialized Cells Recognize Any?
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Specialized Animal Cells
Image 1 - Red Blood Cells
Image 2 - Sperm Cells
Image 3 - Nerve Cells
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Image 1 - Red Blood Cells
Example of cell
Red blood cell
Specific function
Carry oxygen to the
cells
Specialized features suited to the function
1. Thin outer membrane allows oxygen to diffuse
through easily.
2. No nucleus means that the whole cell is full of
haemoglobin (which carries the oxygen)
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Image 2 - Sperm Cells
Example of cell
Specific function
Specialized features suited to the function
1. The head, contains DNA
Sperm cell
(male gamete)
To fertilize the egg 2. The middle section, is full of mitochondria for
cell (female gamete) energy.
3. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Image 3 - Nerve Cells
Example of cell
Specific function
Nerve cell
(motor neurone)
Pass sensory
impulses from one
area to another
Specialized features suited to the function
1. Dendrites make connections with other neurones.
2. Long nerve fibre to carry the impulse
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Specialized Plant Cells
Image 4- Leaf Cells
Image 5- Pollen Cell
Image 6 - Guard Cells
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Image 4- Leaf Cells
Example of cell
Specific function
Leaf palisade
cell
Carries out
photosynthesis
Specialized features suited to the function
Packed with chloroplasts
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Image 5- Pollen Cell
Example of cell
Pollen cell (male
gametes)
Specific function
Fertilize the ovules
(female gametes)
Specialized features suited to the function
1. Have a hard protective outer coat to survive
bad conditions.
2. Shape and surface of outer coat is adapted to
method of dispersal
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
Image 6 - Guard Cells
Example of cell
Specific function
Guard cell
Opens/closes leaf pore
Specialized features suited to the function
1. Regulate the size of leaf pore
2. Change shape easily
SNC 2D: Tissues, Organs and Systems
See page 59-60 for other images of specialized cells
Photos and images are credited as follows:
Image 1 – red blood cells. In the public domain as work of the US federal government
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redbloodcells.jpg
Image 2 – Sperm cells. Photo courtesy of Gilberto Santa Rosa. This photo is licensed under Creative Commons
Attribution 2.0 license. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sperm-20051108.jpg
Image 3 – Nerve cells. Photo courtesy of Fanny CASTETS . This photo is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution ShareAlike 2.5, Attribution ShareAlike 2.0 and Attribution ShareAlike 1.0 License.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neuronehisto.jpg
Image 4 – Leaf cells. Photo courtesy of Kristian Peters. This image is published under the GNU Free
Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg
Image 5 – Guard Cells. Photo courtesy of KuriPop. The image has been cropped to show only the open stomatal
pore. The scale has been removed. This image is published under the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stomata_open_close.jpg
Image 6 – Pollen cell. In the public domain, all rights permitted.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg