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Download anaplerotic (replenishing) reactions of the tca cycle - Sigma
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Transcript
ANAPLEROTIC (REPLENISHING) REACTIONS OF THE TCA CYCLE GLUCOSE 4.1.1.32 Oxaloacetate Fatty acids Phosphoenolpyruvate Acetyl-CoA 2.7.1.40 1.1.1.37 PYRUVATE PEP H2O 4.1.1.31 Pi Aspartate Citrate PEP CO2 GDP 4.1.1.32 GTP y dne KI Live r& Malate Heart & skeletal muscle PEP Plants & Bacteria Malate CO2 Amino acids Amino acids 4.1.3.8 PYRUVATE ATP CO2 CO2 ACETYL-CoA NADPH + H+ 6.4.1.1 ADP 1.1.1.40 Oxaloacetate NADP+ Aspartate 1.1.1.37 Citrate Malate Aspartate Phenylalanine Tyrosine Fumarate Isocitrate Oxoglutarate Succinate Succinyl-CoA Glutamate Amino acids Glutamate Amino acids Odd chain Fatty acids Valine Leucine Isoleucine Porphyrins Anabolic Reactions Anaplerotic Reactions The TCA Cycle is the main source of energy for cells. However, half of the intermediates on which the cycle depends are also the origin of pathways leading to important metabolites such as fatty acids , amino acids or porphyrins. If any of these intermediates are thus diverted the integrity of the cycle is broken and the TCA Cycle can no longer function. Production of essential energy can only be resumed if the diverted intermediate or a subsequent intermediate which leads to oxaloacetate can be replenished by anaplerotic (re-filling) reactions. ENZYMES 1.1.1.37 Malate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.40 Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate decarboxylating) NADP+ . 2.7.1.40 Pyruvate kinase 4.1.1.31 4.1.1.32 4.1.3.8 6.4.1.1 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase (GTP) ATP citrate (pro-S)- lyase Pyruvate carboxylase
