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MEIOSIS VOCABULARY Chromatin All of the DNA in an uncondensed (spaghettilike) form Chromosomes A double rod of condensed chromatin Sister Chromatids: the two halves of a chromosome; half original, half rebuilt Homologous Chromosomes (pairs): chromosomes containing the same gene (possibly different alleles) one from mom, one from dad Line up together in tetrads during meiosis Centromeres: the region of DNA where 2 sister chromatids come together Spindle Fibers: fibers that attach to sister chromatids and bring them to opposite poles during meiosis TYPES OF CELLS Diploid Cells that contain double the amount of chromosomes than haploid cells Usually called the “normal” number of chromosomes Two copies of each gene Haploid Cells that contain half the amount of chromosomes than diploid cells One copy of each gene TETRADS How the chromosomes line up during Metaphase I of meiosis Homologous chromosomes and their copies (sister chromatids) line up SEGREGATION Homologous chromosomes randomly line up in tetrad formation during meiosis Many possibilities for the combination of alleles in offspring Two possibilities of lining up CROSSING-OVER Exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes during meiosis Adds more variation