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Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _________________ Class Period: _________ Genetics Test Study Guide Chapter 11 Heredity Section 1: The Work of Gregor Mendel Section 2: Probability and Punnett Squares Section 3: Exploring Mendelian Genetics Section 5: Linkage and Gene Maps Chapter 14: Human Genetics Section 1: Human Heredity Section 2: Human Chromosomes Vocabulary: Here is a complete list of the vocabulary that you will be held accountable for. Refer to the Quizlet link for review resources. Section 1: genetics true-breeding trait hybrid gene allele segregation gamete Section 2: probability Punnett Square homozygous heterozygous phenotype genotype Section 3: independent assortment incomplete dominance codominance multiple alleles polygenic traits Additional: monohybrid cross dihybrid cross karyotype linked genes sex-linked autosomal pleiotropic epistasis https://quizlet.com/_1jnm2n 1. Describe and/or model Mendel’s experiment with pea plant flower color. Include preparation, P to F1 generation, and F1 to F2 generation. Identify genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 and F2 generation. 2. Describe the Laws of Dominance, Segregation, and Independent Assortment. 3. Sickle Cell Anemia is a pattern of recessive autosomal inheritance. What is the probability of an offspring having Sickle Cell if one parent is a carrier and the other does not carry the allele? 4. In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Short hair is dominant (S) over long hair (s). Create a dihybrid Punnett square showing the cross between a brown, heterozygous short hair rabbit and a heterozygous black, long haired rabbit. Determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios for all offspring. 5. Complete the chart below identifying the patterns of inheritance. Provide examples for each. Pattern of Inheritance Key Features Both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the individual. Heterozygous individuals express both phenotypes. Heterozygous genotypes exhibit a phenotype that is in between homozygous dominant phenotype and homozygous recessive phenotypes. One gene results in many phenotypic effects. Genes are carried on autosomes (chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes). Simple dominance and recessive inheritance showing complete dominance in both homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes. A gene at one location alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second location. Genes that are carried on the X or Y chromosome. Most commonly the X chromosome. Genes have more than two alleles. Any individual still only carries two alleles – one on each chromosome – but there are more than two possibilities. Many human traits are controlled by more than one gene. The phenotypes of these traits exhibit a spectrum. Example 6. During crossing over, what most commonly assorts independently? 7. Refer to the figure to the right. a. What is this figure called? b. Circle the two genes from the options below that ARE LIKELY to assort independently. c. Put a Box around the two genes from the options below that are NOT likely to assort independently. p12.3, p12.1 q31.1, p22.3 8. The pedigree below is for a fruit fly family showing the autosomal recessive inheritance of red eyes (r). a. What is the genotype of the shaded fruit flies? b. What is the genotype of individual 2. c. What is the probability of individuals 1 and 2 having another fruit fly baby with red eyes? 9. Check all boxes identifying TRUE statements regarding the karyotype below. normal male normal female down syndrome male down syndrome female 46 total chromosomes 47 total chromosomes Punnett Square Practice 10. Body color in starfish is controlled by autosomal inheritance. Pink body color (P) is dominant to yellow (p). Show the cross between Patrick who is heterozygous pink and Patti who is yellow. Genotypic Ratio: _______________________ Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________ 11. Feather color in some chicken species is controlled by codominance. The two homozygous phenotypes are black feathers (B) and white feathers (W). Heterozygous individuals are called speckles. Show the cross between a speckled chicken and a homozygous white feathered chicken. Genotypic Ratio: _______________________ Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________ 12. Flower color in the snapdragon plant is controlled by incomplete dominance. The two homozygous flower colors are red (R) and white (W). Heterozygous individuals are pink (RW). Show the self-fertilization of a pink flowering plant. Genotypic Ratio: _______________________ Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________ 13. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is controlled by recessive, sex-linked (X-linked) inheritance. A couple has three children. Two are daughters who do not have the disease. One is a son who does have the disease. Create a Punnett Square for this cross. Note: Phenotypic Ratios must be gender specific! Genotypic Ratio: _______________________ Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________ 14. Human blood type is multiple allele. The possible blood alleles are Type A (IA), Type B (IB), and O (i). Type A and Type B are codominant and both are dominant over Type O. a. List all possible genotypes for Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O blood. b. Johnathan and Sarah have 5 children. One has Type O blood, three have Type A blood, one has Type AB blood, and one has Type B blood. What are the genotypes of Johnathan and Sarah? Once completed, look over this study guide many times. Circle any questions that concern you. Schedule time to study with a friend or review with your teacher if need be!