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Name: _________________________________________________ Date: _________________ Class Period: _________
Genetics Test Study Guide
Chapter 11 Heredity
Section 1: The Work of Gregor Mendel
Section 2: Probability and Punnett Squares
Section 3: Exploring Mendelian Genetics
Section 5: Linkage and Gene Maps
Chapter 14: Human Genetics
Section 1: Human Heredity
Section 2: Human Chromosomes
Vocabulary: Here is a complete list of the vocabulary that you will be held accountable for. Refer to the Quizlet link for
review resources.
Section 1:
genetics
true-breeding
trait
hybrid
gene
allele
segregation
gamete
Section 2:
probability
Punnett Square
homozygous
heterozygous
phenotype
genotype
Section 3:
independent assortment
incomplete dominance
codominance
multiple alleles
polygenic traits
Additional:
monohybrid cross
dihybrid cross
karyotype
linked genes
sex-linked
autosomal
pleiotropic
epistasis
https://quizlet.com/_1jnm2n
1. Describe and/or model Mendel’s experiment with pea plant flower color. Include preparation, P to F1 generation,
and F1 to F2 generation. Identify genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 and F2 generation.
2. Describe the Laws of Dominance, Segregation, and Independent Assortment.
3. Sickle Cell Anemia is a pattern of recessive autosomal inheritance. What is the probability of an offspring having
Sickle Cell if one parent is a carrier and the other does not carry the allele?
4. In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Short hair is dominant (S) over long hair (s). Create a dihybrid
Punnett square showing the cross between a brown, heterozygous short hair rabbit and a heterozygous black, long
haired rabbit. Determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios for all offspring.
5. Complete the chart below identifying the patterns of inheritance. Provide examples for each.
Pattern of Inheritance
Key Features
Both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the
individual. Heterozygous individuals express both
phenotypes.
Heterozygous genotypes exhibit a phenotype that is
in between homozygous dominant phenotype and
homozygous recessive phenotypes.
One gene results in many phenotypic effects.
Genes are carried on autosomes (chromosomes that
are not sex chromosomes). Simple dominance and
recessive inheritance showing complete dominance
in both homozygous dominant and heterozygous
genotypes.
A gene at one location alters the phenotypic
expression of a gene at a second location.
Genes that are carried on the X or Y chromosome.
Most commonly the X chromosome.
Genes have more than two alleles. Any individual
still only carries two alleles – one on each
chromosome – but there are more than two
possibilities.
Many human traits are controlled by more than one
gene. The phenotypes of these traits exhibit a
spectrum.
Example
6. During crossing over, what most commonly assorts independently?
7. Refer to the figure to the right.
a. What is this figure called?
b. Circle the two genes from the options below that ARE LIKELY to assort independently.
c. Put a Box around the two genes from the options below that are NOT likely to
assort independently.
p12.3, p12.1
q31.1, p22.3
8. The pedigree below is for a fruit fly family showing the autosomal recessive inheritance of red eyes (r).
a. What is the genotype of the
shaded fruit flies?
b. What is the genotype of
individual 2.
c. What is the probability of
individuals 1 and 2 having another
fruit fly baby with red eyes?
9. Check all boxes identifying TRUE statements regarding the karyotype below.






normal male
normal female
down syndrome male
down syndrome female
46 total chromosomes
47 total chromosomes
Punnett Square Practice
10. Body color in starfish is controlled by autosomal inheritance. Pink body color (P) is dominant to yellow (p). Show the
cross between Patrick who is heterozygous pink and Patti who is yellow.
Genotypic Ratio: _______________________
Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________
11. Feather color in some chicken species is controlled by codominance. The two homozygous phenotypes are black
feathers (B) and white feathers (W). Heterozygous individuals are called speckles. Show the cross between a speckled
chicken and a homozygous white feathered chicken.
Genotypic Ratio: _______________________
Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________
12. Flower color in the snapdragon plant is controlled by incomplete dominance. The two homozygous flower colors
are red (R) and white (W). Heterozygous individuals are pink (RW). Show the self-fertilization of a pink flowering plant.
Genotypic Ratio: _______________________
Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________
13. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is controlled by recessive, sex-linked (X-linked) inheritance. A couple has three
children. Two are daughters who do not have the disease. One is a son who does have the disease. Create a Punnett
Square for this cross. Note: Phenotypic Ratios must be gender specific!
Genotypic Ratio: _______________________
Phenotypic Ratio: ______________________
14. Human blood type is multiple allele. The possible blood alleles are Type A (IA), Type B (IB), and O (i). Type A and
Type B are codominant and both are dominant over Type O.
a. List all possible genotypes for Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O blood.
b. Johnathan and Sarah have 5 children. One has Type O blood, three have Type A blood, one has Type AB
blood, and one has Type B blood. What are the genotypes of Johnathan and Sarah?
Once completed, look over this study guide many times. Circle any questions that concern you. Schedule time to
study with a friend or review with your teacher if need be!