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CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE
Terms To Know
• Prokaryote:
– Simple cells that have no nucleus
• Eukaryote:
– Complex cells, with a nucleus and many organelles
• Unicellular:
– Organisms made of one cell
• Multicellular:
– Organisms made of two or more cells
• Autotroph:
– Producers who make their own food
• Heterotroph:
– Consumers who get energy from other sources
besides themselves
3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms
Taxonomy:
The science of
identifying and
classifying into
related groups
Taxon: a group
Taxa
Binomial Nomenclature
• A two-word scientific name assigned to every
species
• Assigned by the Genus species
• Examples:
– Homo sapiens
– Acer rubrum
– Panthera tigris
Genus is always capitalized, species is lower case
3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms
Bacteria
• All of the unicellular prokaryotes
• Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Examples: Streptococcus, E-Coli,
Cyanobacteria
Eubacteria vs. Archaebacteria
(2 separate domains and kingdoms)
• Eubacteria
– Contain most types of bacteria
– Found in nearly all conditions
• Archaebacteria
– Found in unusual conditions: volcanic
vents and hot springs
– Have unusual lipids in their cell
membranes
E-Coli (Eubacteria)
Streptococcus pyogenes
(Strep Throat) Eubacteria
Kingdom Protista
• Typically unicellular
• Many of the exceptions to the rules
– You’ll know it’s a Protista if it doesn’t fit any other
category 
– Cell walls in some, some have chloroplasts
– Most unicellular, some multi-cellular
– Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba
Paramecium
Slime Molds
Kingdom Fungi
• Heterotrophs with cell walls
• Most are multi-cellular (mushrooms) but
some are unicellular (yeast)
Mushrooms
Club Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular autotrophs with cell walls
Mosses
Ferns
Flowering Plants
Trees
Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular heterotrophs with no cell walls
Coral
Insects
Fish
Birds
Amphibians and Reptiles
Mammals
Viruses
• Viruses are not listed because viruses are not
living!
• Viruses are a piece of DNA or RNA contained
by protein; they are not cells.
• Viruses require a cell from one of the
kingdoms above to reproduce.
Representing Evolutionary
Relationships:
Phylogenetic Tree:
- Scientific tree showing evolutionary history
- shows relationships thought to exist between
groups or organisms
Representing Evolutionary
Relationships:
Cladogram:
- Uses shared derived traits
- Derived traits indicate divergence from a
common ancestor