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Classification of
Living Things
Big Question
Why Do
We
Classify
Organisms?
• Brings order to the great
diversity of life forms
• Serves as a basis for
identifying unfamiliar
organisms
• Provides a logical means of
naming organisms
Classification
A process of grouping organisms
by similarities
Taxonomy
• Branch of
biology that
groups and
names
organisms
The Science of Classification
Scientist who classify or
organize organisms
(animals and plants)
are called taxonomists.
Taxonomists study
taxonomy.
The History of Organization
Aristotle 384-322 BC
Interested in biological classification.
Patterns in nature.
Carl Linnaeus
1707-1778 AD
Father of
Biological
Classification!
• 2 Categories
–Plants and Animals
• Animals – classified on
where they lived
– Land, water or air
Classify
this
video
• Plants – classified on
the basis of structure
and size
– Tree, shrub, herb
• Grouped organisms
by similar structure
• Created two-part
naming system
• Grouped similar
species into same
genus
• 2 word latin name (by Linneus)
• Uses genus and species
name (or descriptive name)
• Italics is used and Genus is
capitalized
–Quercus alba = white oak
Genus
Common
Name
_______________________________________
Canis
familaralis
Dog
Canis
lupus
Wolf
Felis
Felis
Species
domesticus
concolor
House Cat
Mountain
lion
•
A series of paired statements used to
identify organisms
1a.
b.
2a.
b.
3a.
b.
Has fur, go to…………………………2
Does not have fur……………………3
Has straight fur………………………4
Has curly fur………………………….5
Rough skin……………………………6
Smooth skin…………………………..7
7 Classification Groups:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kingdom (most inclusive) •
Phylum largest
•
Class
•
Order
to
•
Family
•
Genus
smallest
•
Species (most specific) •
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Great
Spaghetti
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kings
Played
Cards
On
Fat
Green
Stools
Levels of Classification
Classification Levels
Phylum
=
for animals
Division
for plants
Classification of life forms
3 Domains of Life
Bacteria
Archaea
Consist of
PROKARYOTES
Eukarya
Includes
various
Kingdoms:
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
The Three Domains
Kingdoms of Life
Eubacteria
Plantae
Archaebacteria
Fungi
Protista
Animalia
MONERA
• SEPARATED INTO TWO Kingdoms
– ARCHAEBACTERIA
– EUBACTERIA
TRUE BACTERIA
ANCIENT BACTERIA
ARCHAEBACTERIA
• PROKARYOTIC
•• PROKARYOTIC
UNICELLULAR
•• UNICELLULAR
HETEROTROPH
LIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
•• HETEROTROPH
– SWAMPS,
HYDROTHERMAL
VENTS
• FOUND
IN EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS
• MORE COMPLEX THAN EUBACTERIA
• CELL WALL
• SEVERAL HUNDRED SPECIES
ARCHAEBACTERIA
ARCHAEBACTERIA
VENT BACTERIA
SALT-LOVING BACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
•
•
•
•
•
•
“TRUE BACTERIA”
PROKARYOTIC
UNICELLULAR
HETEROTROPH, couple AUTOTROPH
STRONG CELL WALLS
SOME CAUSE DISEASE, BUT MOST
HARMLESS
EUBACTERIA
PROTISTA
• EUKARYOTES
– NUCLEUS, MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
•
•
•
•
•
UNICELLULAR, SOME MULTICELLULAR
HETEROTROPHS & AUTOTROPHS
MOST VARIED GROUP
LACK ORGAN SYSTEMS
MOIST ENVIRONMENTS
PROTISTA
• EUKARYOTIC
• SOME UNICELLULAR, MOST
MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHS
– DECOMPOSERS (SAPROPHYTES)
• ABSORB FOOD THROUGH CELL
WALLS
•
•
•
•
•
EUKARYOTIC
MULTICELLULAR
AUTOTROPHS
DO NOT MOVE
CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES,
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
• CELL WALLS – CELLULOSE
•
•
•
•
•
•
EUKARYOTES
MULTICELLULAR
HETEROTROPHS
NEARLY ALL MOVE
NO CELL WALLS (MEMBRANE ONLY)
CELLS ORGANIZED INTO TISSUES,
ORGANS, SYSTEMS
Stop here- next slide is key
to kingdom matching lab
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Autotroph
Protista
Plantae
Animalia
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Multicellular
Multicellular
Autotroph
Unicellular
Unicellular
Fungi
Multicellular
Unicellular
Multicellular
Unicellular
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Eukarya
Cell wall w/o
peptidoglycan
Cell wall with
peptidoglycan
Cell wall of
cellulose
Cell wall of
chitin
Cell wall of
cellulose
No Cell wall
Halophiles
E. Coli and
Amoeba
and Algae
Yeast and
Mushroom
Ferns and
moss
Sponge and
Insects
Streptococcus