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Introduction to Cells
Name ________________________Date ___________ Period ___
Directions: Read each paragraph carefully. Underline one important fact in each paragraph, answer the
questions, and color the pictures.
I. Discovering Cells Complex organisms such as humans are organized on several different levels, with the
cell at the lowest level. There are three kinds of cells, animal cells, plant cells, and bacteria cells. Within each
kind of cell there are different types. For example, animals have skin cells, blood cells, ect... The next level of
organization is the tissue. Tissues are a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
or job. For example, muscle tissue is made of muscle cells. The next level of organization is the organ. Organs
are made of one or more types of tissue that work together. In humans, the heart is an organ made of muscle,
nerve, and other types of tissue. The next level of organization is the organ system. Organ systems are made of
different organs that work together to perform major functions. The circulatory system is an organ system that
involves the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The final level of organization is the complex organism. A
complex organism is able to survive because of the different
organ systems working together.
1. List the different levels of organization of a complex
organism from smallest to largest.
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2. Define tissue? Give an example.
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II. Comparing and Contrasting Cells
Animal cells, plant
cells and bacteria cells have similarities as well as differences.
Even though each of these kinds of cells contain DNA, the
location of the DNA is different. The DNA in animal and plant
cells is organized into rod shaped structures called chromosomes and is located in the nucleus. Remember that
genes are found on chromosomes, and genes are responsible for your traits. Bacteria cells do not have a nucleus
therefore; the DNA is floating freely within the cell through the cytoplasm. Animal and plant cells also contain
tiny structures called organelles that help the cell carry out many functions. These tiny organelles found inside
of animal and plant cells each have a certain job that they do so that the cell can function properly. Animal cells,
plant cells and bacteria cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that holds the cytoplasm inside of the cell,
protects the cell, and controls what substances enter and leave the cell. All plant cells and some bacteria cells
also have a cell wall. A cell wall is a stiff wall that gives the plant cell a box-like shape.
3. Where is the DNA found in plant and animal
cells? _______________
4. What are organelles?
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5. Describe the cell membrane and its function.
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6. Which kinds of cells have a cell wall?
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Use the Venn Diagram to compare and
contrast plant, animal and bacteria cells.
Introduction to Cells
Name ________________________Date ___________ Period ___
III. Looking Inside of Cells The inside of the cell is very similar to a city. A city has many people doing
specific jobs and working together to make sure that the city runs properly. The cell is the same way. The cell
contains tiny structures called organelles that do specific jobs inside of the cell. When each job is performed, the
cell is able to then carry out its job when working with other cells in groups of tissues. Organelles such as the
ER, Golgi bodies, and ribosome’s all work together to make, package, and ship proteins around and out of the
cell. Proteins are the chemical signals that your genes use to give you your traits. Just like a city, the cell needs
energy to do all of these jobs. The mitochondria and chloroplast are both responsible for obtaining energy for
the cell. Mitochondria use the sugar (glucose) in foods to obtain energy. Mitochondria are found in both plant
and animal cells. Chloroplasts are not found in animal cells. Chloroplasts capture the energy in the sunlight to
make food for plant and some bacteria cells. The cell also has places to store substances that can be used for
later. A city has places like public storage or garages, the cell has vacuoles. Plant cells have one large vacuole
that is used to store water, food, waste, and other materials. Some animal cells have much smaller vacuoles that
store materials as well. Just like a city has people whose job is to keep the city clean, the cell has lysosomes.
Lysosomes are organelles that keep the cell clean by using chemicals to break down food particles and worn out
cell parts.
7. Explain how a cell is like a city. ____________________________________________________________
8. How do cells get energy? _________________________________________________________________
9. What kind of cell has chloroplast? __________________________ What does the chloroplast do? ________
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10. What is a vacuole? _______________________________________________________ Explain the
difference between plant cell vacuoles and animal cell vacuoles.
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Use the textbook page 90-91 to label the cells. Fill in the names of each missing
organelle on the key and color code the key. Color each organelle. Be sure to
color each organelle the same color for both the plant and animal cell.
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL
Key
ABCDE- ER
F- Ribosomes
G- Golgi Body
HI- Lysosome
JKL-