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Introduction to Cells Name ________________________Date ___________ Period ___ Directions: Read each paragraph carefully. Underline one important fact in each paragraph, answer the questions, and color the pictures. I. Discovering Cells Complex organisms such as humans are organized on several different levels, with the cell at the lowest level. There are three kinds of cells, animal cells, plant cells, and bacteria cells. Within each kind of cell there are different types. For example, animals have skin cells, blood cells, ect... The next level of organization is the tissue. Tissues are a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function or job. For example, muscle tissue is made of muscle cells. The next level of organization is the organ. Organs are made of one or more types of tissue that work together. In humans, the heart is an organ made of muscle, nerve, and other types of tissue. The next level of organization is the organ system. Organ systems are made of different organs that work together to perform major functions. The circulatory system is an organ system that involves the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The final level of organization is the complex organism. A complex organism is able to survive because of the different organ systems working together. 1. List the different levels of organization of a complex organism from smallest to largest. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 2. Define tissue? Give an example. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ II. Comparing and Contrasting Cells Animal cells, plant cells and bacteria cells have similarities as well as differences. Even though each of these kinds of cells contain DNA, the location of the DNA is different. The DNA in animal and plant cells is organized into rod shaped structures called chromosomes and is located in the nucleus. Remember that genes are found on chromosomes, and genes are responsible for your traits. Bacteria cells do not have a nucleus therefore; the DNA is floating freely within the cell through the cytoplasm. Animal and plant cells also contain tiny structures called organelles that help the cell carry out many functions. These tiny organelles found inside of animal and plant cells each have a certain job that they do so that the cell can function properly. Animal cells, plant cells and bacteria cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that holds the cytoplasm inside of the cell, protects the cell, and controls what substances enter and leave the cell. All plant cells and some bacteria cells also have a cell wall. A cell wall is a stiff wall that gives the plant cell a box-like shape. 3. Where is the DNA found in plant and animal cells? _______________ 4. What are organelles? _______________________________________ 5. Describe the cell membrane and its function. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 6. Which kinds of cells have a cell wall? _______ _______________________________________ Use the Venn Diagram to compare and contrast plant, animal and bacteria cells. Introduction to Cells Name ________________________Date ___________ Period ___ III. Looking Inside of Cells The inside of the cell is very similar to a city. A city has many people doing specific jobs and working together to make sure that the city runs properly. The cell is the same way. The cell contains tiny structures called organelles that do specific jobs inside of the cell. When each job is performed, the cell is able to then carry out its job when working with other cells in groups of tissues. Organelles such as the ER, Golgi bodies, and ribosome’s all work together to make, package, and ship proteins around and out of the cell. Proteins are the chemical signals that your genes use to give you your traits. Just like a city, the cell needs energy to do all of these jobs. The mitochondria and chloroplast are both responsible for obtaining energy for the cell. Mitochondria use the sugar (glucose) in foods to obtain energy. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells. Chloroplasts are not found in animal cells. Chloroplasts capture the energy in the sunlight to make food for plant and some bacteria cells. The cell also has places to store substances that can be used for later. A city has places like public storage or garages, the cell has vacuoles. Plant cells have one large vacuole that is used to store water, food, waste, and other materials. Some animal cells have much smaller vacuoles that store materials as well. Just like a city has people whose job is to keep the city clean, the cell has lysosomes. Lysosomes are organelles that keep the cell clean by using chemicals to break down food particles and worn out cell parts. 7. Explain how a cell is like a city. ____________________________________________________________ 8. How do cells get energy? _________________________________________________________________ 9. What kind of cell has chloroplast? __________________________ What does the chloroplast do? ________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is a vacuole? _______________________________________________________ Explain the difference between plant cell vacuoles and animal cell vacuoles. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Use the textbook page 90-91 to label the cells. Fill in the names of each missing organelle on the key and color code the key. Color each organelle. Be sure to color each organelle the same color for both the plant and animal cell. ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL Key ABCDE- ER F- Ribosomes G- Golgi Body HI- Lysosome JKL-