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Catalyst: December nd 2 , 2014 Prepare to complete your Discovery assessment B. Checklist: Answer sheet Test booklet Pencil Agenda Catalyst: 5 minutes Discovery Exam set-up: 5 minutes Discovery Assessment B Reminders: Honors Projects due THURSDAY! Announcements Updated grades Grade slips tomorrow Dojo rewards Catalyst: December rd 3 , 2014 Prepare to complete your Discovery assessment B. Checklist: Answer sheet Test booklet Pencil When you finish your exam… Read the “Just Add Urine” article and answer the reading questions Agenda Discovery Test B Unit 4 tracking (if time) Announcements Unit 4 grades Catalyst #2: December th 4 , 2014 1. What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 2. How would you classify your brain cells? Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic? Animal or Plant? 3. Draw the cell membrane (refer to Assignment 4.1) and label the following structures: Phospholipid bilayer, Fatty acid tails, phosphate heads, peripheral protein Agenda Catalyst: 5 minutes Intro to solutions and osmosis (15 minutes) Osmosis Gizmo Demos + Questions ( Remaining) Homework: None Announcements Unit “5.2” Begin preparing for semester exams Unit 4.2 : Guiding Questions How does a cell make sure it has enough water and nutrients? What happens to the cell in different environments? How do cells take in the nutrients they need and release the substances they do not? Today’s SPI & Objectives SPI 3210.1.7 Predict the movement of water and other molecules across selectively permeable membranes. SWBAT define solute and solvent in order to understand the components of a solution SWBAT define osmosis SWBAT define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions and predict the effect of each solution on a cell Solutions Cells are typically surrounded by water and other substances that are dissolved in water The term used for a liquid with at least one substance dissolved in it is a solution Example: Salt water Solutions Every solution has two parts: A solvent is the liquid that dissolves the other substances Example: Water Solutes are the substances dissolved in the liquid Example: Salt CFU 1 Kool-Aid is made by dissolving sugar in water. What is the solvent? Water What is the solute? Sugar Concentration Solvent concentration is a measure of the relative amount of solvent in a solution High solvent concentration= a lot of liquid Solute concentration is a measure of the relative amount of solute in a solution High solute concentration= a lot of solute The Cell Membrane Recall, the cell membrane is selectively (semi) permeable It selects what enters and leaves the cell One substance that can move into and out of the cell is water Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration Water always moves from where there is relatively more water to relatively less water Therefore, it moves from lower solute concentration higher solute concentration Osmosis Dynamic Equilibrium When the concentration of water on each side of the membrane becomes equal, water continues to move but in equal amounts This is known as dynamic equilibrium Dynamic=moving Equilibrium= equal CFU 2 Only water can pass through the membrane In which direction will more water move based on the diagram to the right? Left (more water, less solute) to right (less water, more solute) Osmosis Cells & Their Environment Cells are typically surrounded by water (solvent) and substances that are dissolved in water (solutes) In other words, they are located in solutions There are 3 types of solutions in which cells can be located: Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic Solutions Lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm of the cell Hypo=lower Less solute, more water More water moves into the cell than out of the cell Hypotonic Solutions The cell swells in a hypotonic solution Water causes the cell to expand Hypertonic Solutions Higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm of the cell Hyper=more More solute, less water More water moves out of the cell than into the cell Hypertonic Solutions The cell shrinks in a hypertonic solution Isotonic Solutions The same solute concentration as the cytoplasm of the cell Iso=same The same amount of water moves into and out of the cell Isotonic Solutions The cell remains the same size in an isotonic solution Gizmo Review Questions We will look at 3 simulations of cells in different solutions using Gizmos Answer the 4 questions for each Example (1, 2 and 3) Answer additional questions 1 and 2 Exit Ticket 1. What happens when a cell is located in a solution with a lower solute concentration than the inside of the cell? 2. Why does a cell shrink in a hypertonic solution? 3. In what type of solution are the cells pictured below?