Download Pre AP Bio Nov 8 2016

Things to Know
• Academic Assistance today, tomorrow and Thurs
this week.
• Volleyball at Centennial tonight – state semifinals!
• Playoff Football game Thursday! 7 PM
Tues. Nov. 8 Academic
Assistance
Language Arts
Teacher
Location
Scheel/Rouille
A253/E105
Science
Heller
A233
Mathematics
Nugent
A222
Modern Language
Appelt/J. Scrivner
A215/A216
Review
• OIL RIG
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
Cellular Respiration
2 NADH
Coenzyme A
2 Pyruvate
Glucose
“2” ATP
4 ATP
32 ATP!
ETC
Acetyl- CoA
Kreb’s
Cycle
NADH
water
FADH2
heat
CO2
O2
CO2
2-carbons
What if…
• You’re working out?
• Your muscles’ ATP demand increases
• But ‘you’ can only supply finite oxygen…
• For instance, a muscle cell needs 1200
ATP per second, but the ETCs can only
supply 1000
• What happens?
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
Cellular Respiration
2 NADH
Coenzyme A
2 Pyruvate
Glucose
“2” ATP
4 ATP
32 ATP!
ETC
water
What do we
AcetylCoA
need
to keep
THIS going?
Kreb’s
Cycle
NAD+ is …?
To keep
this going we
NADH
2-carbons
need to ...?
FADH2
heat
CO2
O2
CO2
Fermentation
1. If NAD+ is
2 NAD+ 2 NADH
REDUCED to
Glucose
NADH
4 ATP
“2” ATP
2. Then we need to
OXIDIZE it back to
NAD+
2 Pyruvate
Fermentation
• If NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH
• Then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+
• In the ETC, Oxygen takes the electrons
• We don’t have enough oxygen, so we need to
find something to take the electrons from NADH
to make it NAD+
Fermentation
• Pyruvate can do
that!
2 Lactate
(Lactic Acid)
2 NAD+
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate
Glucose
“2” ATP
4 ATP
Fermentation
• During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH
(the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized)
Fermentation
• During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH
(the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized)
• In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back
to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms
lactic acid
• This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes
‘fatigue’ because your muscles don’t function as
well at lower pH
• That makes 2 NET
ATP
• Not great, but it helps
• By Oxidizing NADH
back to NAD+,
• Glycolysis can keep
going
2 Lactate
(Lactic Acid)
2 NAD+
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate
Glucose
“2” ATP
4 ATP
Fermentation
• Lactic Acid fermentation keeps glycolysis going
and that makes some ATP (without needing Kreb’s
and ETC)
• This decreases pH and reduces cells’ ability to
function
• Also, the cells/body go in to Oxygen Debt
• You ‘borrowed’ to make ATP, now you have to pay
it back
• With Oxygen
Lactic Acid – Cori Cycle
• The liver stores glucose and glycogen
• Lactic Acid is taken into the blood and carried to
the liver
• How did we get from glucose to lactic acid?
• In the liver, the process is “reversed” using ATP
from aerobic respiration
• This process
can happen
REALLY fast
• It’s a ‘good’
source of quick
ATP
• NO oxygen
needed
Fermentation
• NO oxygen
needed
• Anaerobic
• Takes place in
cytoplasm of
cell
Fermentation
Fermentation
• No ATP are
‘produced’ during
fermentation
• So why do cells do
it?
• It makes NAD+, which
keeps Glycolysis
going
• THAT produces ATP
Obj 16
• What is the relationship between
‘metabolism’, cellular respiration, energy
needs, endothermy and ectothermy?
• Endotherm – produces its own body heat
• Ectotherm – relies on environment and
behavior for body heat
• Homeostasis?
Obj 16
• About 50-80% of the calories you use go
towards body heat
• Endothermy is expensive
• Endothermy = ‘high metabolism’
• They/we eat a lot!!!
• Ectotherms?
Obj 16
VS.
Obj 16
• Since ectotherms aren’t ‘calorically
constrained’ they don’t have to eat as often
• Can go a long time without eating
• Some female rattlesnakes commonly go more than a
year
• Some snakes have gone over 2 yrs
• Oxygen consumption is also much lower
than ours
• MOST salamander species don’t have
lungs!
• Trade-offs between Endo and Ectotherms?
Obj 16
• Different behaviors?
• Trade-offs between Endo and Ectotherms?
Homework
• We’ve talked about membrane and genetic
evidence that mitochondria and “host cell”
were once free-living cells
• What evidence, if any, is there of
endosymbiont theory in cellular respiration?