Download Biochemistry (Inorganic) and Nature of Science Review

Unit 2 Molecules of Life/Biochemistry TEST Review WS: Inorganic and Organic Biochemistry
Review all Notes, Labs, Handouts, etc. This review is NOT comprehensive!
1.
Why is water inorganic?
2. List and explain several properties of water.
3. Draw and label the pH scale.
4. What element must all organic compounds contain?
5. List the 4 major organic compounds.
6. Fill in the chart below regarding the 4 organic compounds.
Organic Compound
Examples
Monomer/subunit
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Important Facts/Characteristics
7. Which of the 3 organic compounds that are consumed for food stores the most energy (hint: which
contains the most Calories/gram)?
8. Sketch the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane.
9. Differentiate between the three major polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, and cellulose) in terms of
which organisms store them and where they are stored. Also, indicate which of the three CANNOT be
digested by humans.
10. Which of the 4 major organic compounds is made up of nucleotides? ________________ List the
three parts of a nucleotide: _________________, ___________________, _________________
11. What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of sugar that each contains as well as
function?
12. Contrast saturated and unsaturated fats in terms of chemical structure (which only has single bonds
between carbons, which has some double bonds), state of matter at room temperature (solid vs. liquid),
from what type of organisms these are made (plant vs. animal), and example for each.
13. List the organic compound type that best fits the following chemical compounds.
Organic Biochemistry Ch. 2 Sec. 3 WS
Read Ch. 2 Sec. 3 in your textbook, then use Ch. 2 (mainly Sec. 3) in your textbook to complete
this worksheet.
© Holt, Rhinehart, Winston
Choose the phrase that best describes the term.
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1. carbohydrates
2. polysaccharides
3. starch
4. glycogen
5. cellulose
6. lipids
7. saturated fats
8. unsaturated fats
9. steroid
10. proteins
11. collagen
12. enzyme
13. amino acids
14. polypeptides
15. nucleic acids
16. nucleotides
17. DNA
18. RNA
19. ATP
A. your hair and muscles are made of these
macromolecules
B. polysaccharide that provides structural
support for plants
C. fibrous protein that forms the matrix of
your skin, ligaments, tendons, and bones
D. lipids that contain the maximum number of
carbon-hydrogen bonds possible
E. protein that increases the rate of a
chemical reaction without being destroyed
itself
F. polysaccharide in which animals store
glucose in their bodies
G. many hormones are this type of lipid
H. macromolecules made up of long chains of
small repeating subunits called nucleotides
I. five-carbon sugar with a phosphate group
attached to one side of the sugar ring and
an organic base attached to the other
J. ribonucleic acid
K. organic macromolecules that do not
dissolve in water
L. energy storage molecule, whose energy
can be used immediately by the cell without
a series of chemical reactions
M. carbohydrates that are made by linking
individual sugars together to form long
chains
N. the nucleic acid that stores hereditary
information
O. polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants
P. macromolecule composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the
proportion of 1:2:1
Q. humans use 20 different kinds of these
building blocks of proteins
R. long chains of amino acids
S. lipid that has carbon-carbon double bonds
at various points
20. Identify the following as either A) carbohydrates, B) lipids, C) proteins, or D) nucleic acids.
Fatty acids and glycerol _______
Polypeptides _______
Phospholipids _______
Ribonucleic acid ______
Monosaccharides ______
Fats, oils, and waxes _______
Deoxyribonucleic acid ______
Chlorophyll ______
Amino acids ______
Glucose, glycogen, starch, chitin ______
Cholesterol ______
21. What molecule is often referred to as the cell’s energy currency? ________
22. What is the monomer of DNA and RNA called? _______________________________
23. What is the monomer of a protein called?____________________________
24. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called? ___________________________
25. Sugars are ( carbohydrates / lipids / proteins / nucleic acids ). circle one.
Be A Chemistry Detective
In each of the following exercises, you are given two clues about an organic compound. Using the knowledge you
have gained in this section and your deductive abilities, determine the identity of the compound (either
carbohydrate, protein, lipid, or nucleic acid) and write your answer in the space provided.
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3.
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5.
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7.
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complex molecules composed of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen,
and phosphorus atoms
polymers of molecules built up from a
special 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate
group, and a nitrogenous base
____________________________
consist of parts that dissolve well in
water and parts that do not dissolve
well in water
form the plasma membrane
___________________________
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2.
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long chains of hydrogen and carbon
atoms that have a carboxyl group
attached at one end (fatty acids)
combine with glycerol to form the
compound
_____________________________
Important in regulating chemical
pathways, synthesizing materials needed
by cells, and releasing energy
Speed up chemical reactions by binding
to the reactants
_____________________
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4.
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a polysaccharide
gives strength and rigidity to plants
_____________________________
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all have similar chemical structure but
differ in a region known as the R group
amino acids can be joined with peptide
bonds by polymerization
_______________________________
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a polysaccharide
plants store excess sugar in this form
_____________________________
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9.
a polysaccharide
animals store their excess
sugar in this form
_____________________
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contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms in an approximate ratio of 1:2:1
has the formula C6H12O6
_____________________________
a disaccharide
other examples are maltose and
lactose
___________________________