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Name ________________________________ Teacher____________________________ Class-Period ________________________ Date ___________________ DUE DATE: ________________ Organic Biochemistry Ch. 2 Sec. 3 WS Read Ch. 2 Sec. 3 in your textbook, then use Ch. 2 (mainly Sec. 3) in your textbook to complete this worksheet. Chapter 2 Pretest © Holt, Rhinehart, Winston Choose the phrase that best describes the term. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ 1. carbohydrates 2. polysaccharides 3. starch 4. glycogen 5. cellulose 6. lipids 7. saturated fats 8. unsaturated fats 9. steroid 10. proteins 11. collagen 12. enzyme 13. amino acids 14. polypeptides 15. nucleic acids 16. nucleotides 17. DNA 18. RNA 19. ATP A. your hair and muscles are made of these macromolecules B. polysaccharide that provides structural support for plants C. fibrous protein that forms the matrix of your skin, ligaments, tendons, and bones D. lipids that contain the maximum number of carbon-hydrogen bonds possible E. protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being destroyed itself F. polysaccharide in which animals store glucose in their bodies G. many hormones are this type of lipid H. macromolecules made up of long chains of small repeating subunits called nucleotides I. five-carbon sugar with a phosphate group attached to one side of the sugar ring and an organic base attached to the other J. ribonucleic acid K. organic macromolecules that do not dissolve in water L. energy storage molecule, whose energy can be used immediately by the cell without a series of chemical reactions M. carbohydrates that are made by linking individual sugars together to form long chains N. the nucleic acid that stores hereditary information O. polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants P. macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1 Q. humans use 20 different kinds of these building blocks of proteins R. long chains of amino acids S. lipid that has carbon-carbon double bonds at various points 20. Identify the following as either A) carbohydrates, B) lipids, C) proteins, or D) nucleic acids. Fatty acids and glycerol _______ Polypeptides _______ Phospholipids _______ Ribonucleic acid ______ Monosaccharides ______ Fats, oils, and waxes _______ Deoxyribonucleic acid ______ Chlorophyll ______ Amino acids ______ Glucose, glycogen, starch, chitin ______ Cholesterol ______ 21. What molecule is often referred to as the cell’s energy currency? ________ 22. What is the monomer of DNA and RNA called? _______________________________ 23. What is the monomer of a protein called?____________________________ 24. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called? ___________________________ 25. Sugars are ( carbohydrates / lipids / proteins / nucleic acids ). circle one. Be A Chemistry Detective In each of the following exercises, you are given two clues about an organic compound. Using the knowledge you have gained in this section and your deductive abilities, determine the identity of the compound (either carbohydrate, protein, lipid, or nucleic acid) and write your answer in the space provided. 1. 3. 5. 7. complex molecules composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms polymers of molecules built up from a special 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base ____________________________ consist of parts that dissolve well in water and parts that do not dissolve well in water form the plasma membrane ___________________________ a polysaccharide plants store excess sugar in this form _____________________________ 9. a polysaccharide animals store their excess sugar in this form _____________________ long chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms that have a carboxyl group attached at one end (fatty acids) combine with glycerol to form the compound _____________________________ 2. Important in regulating chemical pathways, synthesizing materials needed by cells, and releasing energy Speed up chemical reactions by binding to the reactants _____________________ 4. 6. a polysaccharide gives strength and rigidity to plants _____________________________ all have similar chemical structure but differ in a region known as the R group amino acids can be joined with peptide bonds by polymerization _______________________________ 8. 10. contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in an approximate ratio of 1:2:1 has the formula C6H12O6 _____________________________ a disaccharide other examples are maltose and lactose ___________________________