* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Take home quiz (due Monday April 4th)
Copy-number variation wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Fetal origins hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Polymorphism (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy of the human retina wikipedia , lookup
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
The Selfish Gene wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Evolution Quiz Standard 1.2a and 1.2b In 2007 Sarah Tishkoff studied populations of humans from all over the world trying to determine if the ability to digest lactose was an adaptation that was selective in times of starvation. As environments changed and food was scarce, were humans with a mutation able to turn to their livestock they herded for nutrition and did those who did not have the mutation have a selective disadvantage? Lactose is digested by the enzyme lactase, which is produced in the small intestine. The lactase gene codes for the enzyme lactase. In people that are lactose intolerant, the lactase gene gets “turned off” sometime after breastfeeding stops. People who are lactose tolerant have the lactase gene permanently “on.” Scientists have discovered that the gene remains “on” due to mutations that are not in the lactase gene but are near it. People who are lactose tolerant are also referred as being lactase persistent, because expression of the lactase gene persists beyond childhood. People who are lactose intolerant are lactase nonpersistent. Table 1: Genotype data from world regions indicating frequency of people with lactose persistence Region Population No People Sampled (n) Number of people with the lactose persistence allele Lactase Frequency Africa Sudan 162 73 .45 Asia Japan 62 0 .00 Asia China 82 8 .10 Europe Finland 1876 1538 .82 Middle East Saudi Arabia (Bedouin) 94 69 .73 Europe France 58 39 .67 Indonesia New Guinea 34 0 .00 Evolution Quiz Answer Sheet Name: __________________________ Period: __________ 1. 1.2a: CER Examine the data above. Make a claim to which populations were descendants of pastoral cultures which herded livestock. Use evidence from the table above to justify (this is the reasoning portion) your claim. 1.2b - Use the following information (and the information on the previous page) to connect evolutionary changes in a population over time to a change in the environment. The lactose tolerance mutation is estimated to be around 20,000 years old. However, migration from the fertile crescent happened 8,000 years ago with crops from that region now being planted in Europe. One hypothesis is that in shorter growing seasons of Europe, most middle-eastern plants failed, leading to starvation. People then turned to their animals for nourishment. Complete the table below regarding lactose digestion in adults as a selective trait in times of starvation. Principle of Natural Selection Variation in the population Description based on example Inheritance Potential Selection on the population Adaptation Explanation