Download scheme of work biology lower six - laman web smk raja perempuan

SEK MEN KEB RAJA PEREMPUAN, IPOH
SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY LOWER SIX 2011
Week
Content
17
Orientation Week
18-20
The Biology of
molecules and
cells
1. Basic chemistry
of a cell
1.1Physical and
chemical
properties and
physiological role
1.1.1 Water
1.1.2Carbohydrate
1.1.3 Lipids
Scientific skills
Objective
Processing
information
-to list important properties of water as a
constituent and medium of life
-to elaborate on structure and its functions
-processing
information
-to list examples of
classification of
carbohydrates
-to relate structure
with functions
-to list classification
of lipids and
examples
-to relate structure
with functions
1)to classify carbohydrates into
monosaccharides,disaccharides,polysaccharides
2)to list examples for each carbohydrates;make
research on structure and function
3)to draw and elaborate the pentose ring(ribose
and deoxribose)hexose ring(glucose)
4)explain the formation of glycosidic bond and
polymerization process
1)Triglycerides:Fatty acids and glycerol
-explain ester bond and esterification process
-to list examples of saturated fatty acids and
unsaturated fatty acids
2)Phospholipids – explain structure of lecithin
and its importance in cell membrane
3)Steroid-structure;importance/ drug abuse
Activity
G M W Moral value Note
-Discussion
-group work
-tasks
/
-discussion
-tasks
-Food test
/
/
-to be
thankful
with the
variety of
food and to
apply a
balanced
diet
-topical
exercises
-processing
information
related to
structure and
function of
lecithin in cell
membrane
-to
appreciate
and
maintain
good health
Week Content
21
28/5/2011-12/6/2011
1.1.4 Proteins
Amino acids
Levels of structure
Conjugated protein
Properties of protein
Scientific skills
Mid year holidays
To relate with the
concept of base
sequencing,amino
acids and peptide
-to relate structure
with functions
-making
comparisons from
the aspect of
structure,examples
and properties
22
1.1.5 Nucleic acids DNA
and RNA
Research on
structure and
function of DNA
and RNA
-Comparison
between RNA and
DNA
23
1.1.6 Biomolecules,ions
and vitamins
-Determining the
structure of ions
and certain
Objective
Activity
G
M
W Moral
value
1)To draw the basic structure of amino acids
2)To group the aminpo acids based on side
chain,polar,non-polar,acidic and basic
3)To elaborate on the formation of peptide
bond,polymerization process from the
condensation of amino acid
1)to define
primary,secondary,tertiary,quaternary
structure with examples
2)to compare different types of protein
3)to understand the sequencing of amino
acids in determining the properties of protein
4)to elaborate the properties of
protein;amphoteric,buffer,colloid,denaturation
of protein
5)to give examples of fibrous and globular
Proteins
1)To elaborate and draw the structure of
nucleotide;phosphodiester bond in the
formation of polynucleotide
-to explain the structure of DNA as double
helix;two chains of DNA bonded by hydrogen
bonds
-to discuss the various types of RNA;
-to compare between RNA and DNA
to list the different types of vitamins and ions
with examples and structures
-discussing
theories
-topical
exercises
/
/
/
To
appreciate
and be
thankful
on the
unique
structure
of protein
with
various
functions
-discussing
theories
tasks,exercises
-Food test for
protein
-discussing
/
and explaining
theories
-examining
the DNA
model
-topical
exercises
-tasks
/
-theory
explanation
/
/
/
/
Note
vitamins
24
25
1.2 Movement of
substance through
membrane
1.2.1 Passive transport
a) Diffussion
b) Facilliated diffusion
c) Osmosis and water
potential
1.2.2 Active transport
1.2.3 Endocytosis
( pinocytosis and
phagocytosis)
1.2.4 Exocytosis
1.3Techniques of analysis
1.3.1Chromatography
1.3.2Electrophoresis
1.3.3X-ray diffraction
1.3.4Centrifugation and
homogenization
1.3.5Microscopy
- giving
definition;
explain the
mechanism of
each process
- compare active
and passive
transportation
- to give
definitions
and explain
concepts
-basic principles
of each type of
technique of
analysis
1) to define the process of diffusion,
facilliated diffusion,osmosis,plasmolysis
2) give examples of each processes
3) to explain the mechanism of action with
examples
4) to conduct experiments on osmosis
- explanation
- topical
exercises
- experiment
1) define active transportations
2) explain mechanism of action
3) define pinocytocytosis and phagocytosis
with examples
-theory
-topical
exercises
1)Elaborate on the method of each technique
of analysis
2))To state the importance of each technique
3)To carry out experiment
-Theory
explanation
-Practical
-Answering
STPM
questions
/
/
/
To realize
the
importance
of a natural
habitat and
maintaining
the natural
conditions
Appreciate
the
existence of
different
techniques
26
2 Structure of cells and
organelles
2.1 Prokaryotic cells
2.2 Eukaryotic cells
2.2.1 Animal cells
2.2.2 Plant cells
2.3 Cellular
components
2.3.1 Membrane,cell
wall and
cytoplasm
27
2.3.2 Organelles
a)Nucleus,nucleolus,
chromosomes,
nucleoplasm,nuclear
membrane
b)Rough and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
c)Mitochondria
d)Golgi apparatus
e)Lysosomes
f)Ribosomes
g)Chloroplast
h)Centrioles
i)Microtubules
j)Microfilaments
k)Vacuoles
-comparison
between
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
-identify structure
and distribution
-to relate between
structure and
function
-to list and explain the difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
-to list the differences between animal and
plant cells
1)to draw and explain the structure or
membrane based on fluid-mosaic model of
Singer
2)to identify the distribution
3)to relate the structure of each organelles
with its functions
-tasks
-to identify
structure,
functions and
distribution
-to understand
organization of
chromosomes
1)to draw and identify distribution of each
organelle
2)to relate structure with it’s functions
3)to explain the process of lysosome action
4)to study the chloroplast of higher plants
-group work
discussion
-observing the
CD on
structure of
each organelle
-answering
questions from
the CD
/
/
/
/
/
/
-group work
-to
appreciate
the
importance
of cells as a
basic unit
of life
-slides,
observations
-to
remember
the role of
each
organelle
Week Content
28
USBF 2
2.4 Specialised
cells
2.4.1 Plant cells
Scientific skills
Objective
-to study structures,
functions and
distribution
1)to draw and identify-theory
meristem,parenchyma,collenchyma,sclerenchyma, explanation
xylem including tracheids and vessels
-observing
2)to relate structure with functions
slides
29
2.4.2 Animal cells
-to define
-to determine
structure;functions
and distribution
30
2.5 Analytical
techniques
-usage and
magnification of
microscope
-handling units of
microscopy
1)to elaborate ,identify,draw and label specialized
animal cells
a)epithelium;squamos;cuboidal,columnar
b)nerves
c)muscles;smooth ,cardiac,striated
d)bone,cartilage,blood
1)to explain the principles in phase-contrast
microscope,transmission and scanning electron
microscope
2)to give examples of their uses
3)to handle the light microscope
4)to state the magnification of a magnified
diagram
5)to use the unit of microscopy
1)to explain the technique and uses of
ultracentrifugation
2.5.1 Microscopy:
light and electron
32
2.5.2 Ultracentrifugation
Understand the
function of
ultracentrifugation
Activity
G M W
Moral value
-appreciate
the unique
structure of
each cell
/
/
/
-observing
slides
/
/
/
appreciate
the function
-topical
exercise
-theory
explanation
/
/
/
-to realize
the
importance
of analytical
techniques in
the study of
Biology
-discussing
theory
-topical
exercises
/
/
/
importance
in
microbiology
Note
Week Content
Scientific skills
Objective
Activity
33
3 Control in cells
3.1 Enzymes
3.1.1Catalysis and
activation energy
3.1.2Mechanism of
action and kinetics
3.1.3Cofactors:
metal ions,
coenzymes, and
prosthetic groups
3.1.4Inhibitors :
Competitive and
non-competitive
3.1.5Classification
-Definition and
properties of
enzymes
1)to define activation energy and role of enzymes in
chemical reactions
2)to define exergonic and endergonic reactions
-Theory
explanation
-viewing CD
-to give
definitions and
explain reactions
-to give
definition and
examples
-to explain the
action of
cofactors
-to identify
different types of
inhibitors
- to define lock and key model,affinity,Michaelismenten constant,Lineweaver-Burk plot
- to give definition,examples and action
3.2 DNA and
protein
synthesis
3.2.1 DNA as
genetic material
3.2.2 Gene concept,
One- gene-one
polypepetide
hypothesis
-to give
information from
various sources
34
-to relate the
structure with
functions of
DNA
- to give definition and explain the mechnism of
action of each inhibitor with examples
G M W Moral
value
/ /
/
To take
care of the
internal
conditions
of the body
for
optimum
reaction
-group
presentation
1)to classify enzymes according to type of reaction
2)to give examples of each enzyme according to
IUBsystem;hydrolases,lyases,transferases,isomerases,
ligases,synthethases,oxydoreductases
1)to give the meaning of enzyme immobilistion and
-discussing
biosensing
theory
2)to give examples of each
-processing
3)to give short explanation for each mechanism of
information
action
1)to explain the structure of DNA
2)to relate the structure with the functions of DNA
- to explain the experiment of Avery and
Colleagues
- to explain the experiment of Beadle and Tatum
/
/
/
-An
awareness
on the
importance
of enzymes
in life
processes
Appreciate
the
existence
of DNA
Note
Week
35
36
Content
Scientific skills
3.2.3 DNA
replication
3.2.4 Protein
Synthesis
-to understand
the concept of
replication and
processes
involved in
replication and
synthesis
- to explain the experiment of Meselsin and Sthal
- to make conclusions from each experiment
4. Photosynthesis
4.1 Light reaction
-to explain
structure of
chloroplast
-to relate
structure with
function
-to identify the
photosystem
involved
-to elaborate on
the mechanism
of light reaction
-to explain on
Calvin cycle
1)to define photoactivation of photosystem 1 and
photosystem 2
2)to explain photolysis of water, production of
NADPH and ATP
3)to elaborate cyclic and non-cyclic
photophosphorylation
-processing
information
1)to explain CO fixation to RuDP, production of
PGAL,carbohydrates,proteins abnd fatty acids
2)to make differences of anatomical and
physiological differences between leaves of C3
and C4 plants
3)to explain Krants anatomy and Hatch-Slack
Pathway
4)define Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
- view CD
- graphic
organizer
-topical exercises
- to explain
limiting factors
1)to explain wavelength, intensity of
light,temperature and carbon dioxide
concentration on growth
-to define compensation point
-topical exercises
-discussion
4.2 Dark reaction
/Calvin cycle in C3
and C4
4.3 Factors limiting
the rate of
Photosynthesis
Objective
Activity
-discussing
theory
-topical exercises
1)to explain the role of DNA,mRNA,rRNA in the
synthesis of protein
2)to elaborate on::transcription;translation
-group work
G M W Moral
value
/ /
/
-appreciate
the
importance
of amino
acids and
protein
/
/
/
-aware of
the plants
as
producers
Note
Week Content
3738
PAT
39
5 Respiration
5.1 Aerobiosis
5.1.2 Glycolysis
40
5.1.2 Krebs cycle/
Tricarboxylic acid
cycle/citric acid
cycle
5.1.3 Electron
transport system
5.2 Anaerobiosis
Scientific skills
Objective
Activity
G M W
Moral
value
-understand glucose
phosphorylation,fructose
diphosphate
production,splitting into
phosphoglyceraldelhyde
1)to explain glucose phosphorylation and
fructose diphosphate production, splitting
into PGAL and DHP
2)to define substrate level phosphorylation
and conversion of PGAL to pyruvate
3)to elaborate on the production of ATP and
NADH
1)to explain Krebs cycle giving emphasis on
production of ATP,NADH,FADH2 and
carbon dioxide
2)to calculate the net ATP
-processing
information
-theory
explanation
/
Appreciate
Respiration
1)to explain the electron flow from
NADH/FADH2 via flavoprotein,ubiquinone
and cytochrome to oxygen with the
production of ATP and water.
2)effect of inhibitors such as cyanide and
carbon dioxide
-theory
-topical
exercises
1)to differentiate plants(ethanol) and
animals(lactic acid)
2)to list the uses of fermentation in industry
-graphic
organizer
-to view CD
-discussion
/
/
Be aware
of different
types of
respiration
Note
41-42
Nutrition
1.1 Autotroph
Chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis
1.2 Heterotroph
Holozoic
Saprophyte
Parasite
-to explain concepts
-to give examples
- to define terms
- to explain concepts
- to give examples
- to compare autotrophic and
heterotrophic nutrition
- to define chemosynthesis and photosynthesis and list the differences
- to define holozoic,saprophytic and
parasitic nutrition
-to explain each concept
-to list the adaptation of endoparasite
and ectoparasite
-explaining
theory
- processing
information
/
/
/
Aware of
the various
type of
nutrition