Download Interdependence among Living Organisms and the

Chapter 4
Interdependence among Living Organisms and the
Environment.
Interdependence among Living Organisms
Population: A number of organisms of the same species
living together
Species: Have common characteristic that can
produce fertile offspring
A community: Many populations living together
in a particular place
What is habitat and Ecosystem?
The area where an organism lives and reproduces is its habitat. An ecosystem refers to the community of organisms living in
the same habitat, together with the non living environment.
Interdependence of Living Organisms creates A
balanced ecosystem
These different populations that live together are interdependent on one another for survival. Therefore, the
interdependence among living organisms and the environment creates a balanced ecosystem.
Interaction between Living Organisms
Prey Predator:
A relationship where an animal captures and eats
other animals. For example, lion is a predator and
zebra is its prey.
Competition:
Compete each other for food, light, water, shelter
mate or minerals.
Consists of two types:
Intra-specific: The same species
Inter-specific: Different species
Symbiosis
Commensalism:
-Relationship between two organism, in
which oneorganism (the commensal)
benefits from the other
Mutualism:
-Interaction that benefits both
Parasitism:
-Parasites benefit by living in or on the
host. The host would be harmed by the
parasites.
Food Web
•
What is producer, consumer and decomposer?
•
Producer is green plants that produce foods, Consumer are usually the
one that ate the producer and decomposers are organisms that break
down dead animals.
Food Chain
Food Web
Pyramid of Numbers
• A diagram that shows the relative
number of organisms at each level of
food
Level 4 (Tertiary Consumer)
Level 3 (Secondary Consumer)
Level 2 (Primary Consumer)
Level 1 (Producer)
There is a progressive decrease in number from a lower level to a higher level
Photosynthesis
• Process in which green plants absorb solar energy to
make food from carbon dioxide and water
Requirements of Photosynthesis
• Plants need light, chlorophyll, water and carbon
dioxide for photosynthesis.
Conservation and Preservation
• Conservation: Wise use of natural resources with the
least disturbance of living things and their
environment.
• Preservation: Measures or steps taken to maintain
living things and the environment.
Natural Resources management:
-To protect our flora and fauna by setting up
animal sanctuaries, forests and wetland
reserves.
Forest Management:
-To minimise deforestation and
illegal logging
-To prevent forest fires.
Renewal of natural resources:
-To restore damaged or destroyed habitats
due to logging, overfishing and mining.
Conservation and Preservation
of Living Organisms
Legislation on wildlife
protection:
-To control commercial hunting
-To prevent overfishing
-To protect endangered species
Pollution Control:
-To minimise destruction of
habitat caused by pollution.
Education:
-To increase public awareness on the
importance of conservation and preservation
of living organisms and their environment.
Role of Humans Maintaining the Balance of
Nature
•
Deforestation: when trees are cut down and forests cleared the natural
habitats are destroyed.
•
Land overuse by intensive farming: When farming is carried out
intensively without practicing conservation
•
Overfishing and overhunting: Extinction of certain species of animals.
•
Industrialism: Combustion in cars, engines and factories causes air
pollution and acid rain.
•
Poor solid waste management: Rivers and lakes are often used as
rubbish dumpsites.
Ways to Overcome
•
Legislation: Laws are made to stop activities that are harmful to the
environment. Any violation is punishable by law.
•
Education: Helps people realize what their responsibilities to the
environment.
•
Pollution control: Reduction in pollution will reduce damage to the
environment.
•
Reusing or recycling: Make use of materials or recycled waste instead of
throwing them away.
•
Protecting habitats: Set up forests reserves and animals sanctuaries
•
Restoring damaged or destroyed habitats: Convert them into recreation
parks or botanical gardens.