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Chapter Sixteen Vocabulary 16.1 nonrenewable resource: natural resource that is used more quickly than it can be formed. renewable resource: resource that replenishes itself quickly enough so that it will not be used faster than it can be produced. ecological footprint: amount of land necessary to produce and maintain enough food, water, shelter, energy, and waste. 16.2 pollution: anything that is added to the environment and has a negative effect on the environment or its organisms. smog: air pollution in which gases released from burning fossil fuels form a fog when they react with sunlight. particulate: microscopic bits of dust, metal, and unburned fuel produced by industrial processes. acid rain: precipitation produced when pollutants in the atmosphere cause the pH of rain to decrease. greenhouse effect: normal warming effect produced when gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere. global warming: worldwide trend of increasing average temperatures. 16.3 indicator species: species whose presence in an ecosystem gives clues about the condition of that ecosystem. biomagnification: condition of toxic substances being more concentrated in tissues of organisms higher up on the food chain than the ones lower in the food chain. 16.4 habitat fragmentation: process by which part of an organism’s preferred habitat range becomes inaccessible. introduced species: species that is not native and was brought to an area as a result of human activities. 16.5 sustainable development: practice of not using natural resources more quickly than they can be replenished. umbrella species: species whose being protected under the Endangered Species Act leads to the preservation of its habitat and all the other organisms in its community.