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Organic compounds
Organic compounds
A
compound is
organic when it
contains C, H, usually
O, and energy.
The main four
Carbohydrates:
aka
carbs or carbos. Quick
source of energy.
ALWAYS HAVE C, H,
and O.
Organic compounds
Used by cells to store and release
energy
 Carbohydrates: example glucose

C6H12O6
Carbohydrate
Organic compounds
Lipids:
fats, waxes, oils,
steroids. LOTS of
energy.
Animal fat bad
 Plant fat good
Lipids
 Cells
use lipids for
energy storage,
insulation, and
protective coatings.
 Major components
of the membrane
that surround all
living cells
Organic compounds
Proteins:
Chains of
amino acids, contain
N. (enzymes are
proteins)
Proteins



Provide structure for tissue and organs
and carry out cell metabolism.
Metabolism: all the chemical reactions that
occur within an organism.
The basic building blocks are amino acids
(a.a.)
A structural building block of many
organism
Enzymes are proteins
Protein Cont.
Important for
contraction of muscle
tissue, transporting
oxygen in the blood
stream, providing
immunity, regulation of
proteins, and carrying
out reactions.
 Example: Enzyme

Enzyme
Organic Molecules:
Nucleic Acids



A complex
macromolecule
that stores cellular
information in the
form of a code
smaller subunits
are nucleotides
DNA, RNA
(basically sugar
with phosphates)
Synthesis Vs. Decomposition
 Synthesis:
chemical reactions in
order to get a product
 Decomposition: chemical
reactions in order to break up
products
Anabolism
Builds
large molecules
from smaller ones,
requires energy.
 A + B + energy  AB
Examples of Anabolism:
 Increased
body size
 Fat storage
 growth
 muscle build up.
Anabolic hormones



Growth hormone
Testosterone
estrogen
Catabolism:
 Breaks
down larger
molecules (decomposition).
releases energy for the
maintenance of living cells.
 AB  A + B + energy
Synthesis Vs. Decomposition
Examples
of
decomposition:
Fat break down
Metabolism
Make ATP
Catabolic Hormones

glucagen
Acids and Bases
pH
is a measurement of
+
Hydrogen ion (H ) in a
solution.
+
Acid = High H low OH
+
Base= Low H High OH
pH Scale
 The
scale goes from 1 to
14.
 1-6 are acidic
 7 is neutral
 8-14 are basic
pH
Bloods
pH is
about 7.35-7.45.
So is our blood
basic or acidic?
pH Scale
Hydrochloric
acid
(HCl) is a strong acid.
Sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) is a strong
base.
The pH of body fluids is 7.35, 7.45. If
the pH is altered below or above the
norm it will disrupt the stability of cell
membranes, alter protein structure,
and change the activities of important
enzymes.
 Below 7.35-acidosis
 Above 7.45-alkalosis
 Affects the nervous system and
cardiovascular system.
