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Download Close Assignment: Genetics Week 7 Test Review 1. ______ The
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Close Assignment: Genetics Week 7 Test Review 1. _________ 3. _________The shape of a protein molecule is influenced by 1. 2. 3. 4. whether it is organic or inorganic the sequence of amino acids in it the number of genes found in the nucleus the number of chromosomes in the cell 4. _________ Which process is illustrated in the diagram? 1. 2. 3. 4. The diagram represents a portion of a double stranded DNA molecule. The base sequence of strand II is most likely 1. 2. 3. 4. crossing-over nondisjunction sex determination independent assortment 5. _________ C-A-C-T-G-G G-G-T-C-A-C G-T-G-A-C-C G-T-G-U-C-C 2. _________ The type of molecule represented above is found in organisms. Which statement correctly describes the sequence of bases found in this type of molecule? Base your answer on the diagram of some cell structures and events associated with enzyme synthesis and on your knowledge of biology. The function of the ribosome is to 1. initiate the process of cell division 2. control the cell's activities 3. provide the site for the synthesis of protein molecules 4. control the passage of materials into and out of the cell 1. It changes every time it replicates. 2. It determines the characteristics that will be inherited. 3. It is exactly the same in all organisms. 4. It directly controls the synthesis of starch within a cell. 6. _________Which statement best expresses the relationship between the three structures represented below? 10. _________ 1. DNA is produced from protein absorbed by the cell. 2. Protein is composed of DNA that is produced in the cell. 3. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell. 4. Cells make DNA by digesting protein. 7. _________Which situation would most directly affect future generations naturally produced by a maple tree? 1. Ultraviolet radiation changes the DNA sequence within some leaves of the tree. 2. Ultraviolet radiation changes the DNA sequence within the gametes of some flowers of the tree. 3. An increase in temperature reduces the number of cell divisions in the roots. 4. Rapidly growing cells just under the bark are exposed to radiation, causing changes in genetic material. Base your answer to the question on the diagram of a cell associated with coordination and on your knowledge of biology. Structure X would be involved in the 1. 2. 3. 4. storage of digestive enzymes absorption of energy from the Sun development of pathogens synthesis of proteins 11. _________ 8. _________Even though each body cell in an individual contains the same DNA, the functions of muscle cells and liver cells are not the same because 1. mutations usually occur in genes when muscle cells divide 2. liver tissue develops before muscle tissue 3. liver cells produce more oxygen than muscle cells 4. liver cells use different genes than muscle cells 9. _________Which event occurring in the life cycle of a bacterium most directly involves the replication of DNA? 1. The bacterium copies its single chromosome. 2. As the cell grows, the two copies of the chromosome separate. 3. The cell divides as a partition separates it into equal halves. 4. Each new cell receives one copy of the chromosome. Base your answers on the diagram which provides information related to heredity, and on your knowledge of biology. Which molecules are represented by box B? 1. 2. 3. 4. bases proteins amino acids simple sugars 12. _________Which is an example of environmental influence on gene expression? 1. the production of plants bearing oval squash from parent plants bearing round and long squash 2. the effect of light on chlorophyll production in plants 3. the pattern of inheritance for sex-linked traits in humans 4. the production of human offspring with blood type AB 13. _________Some steps involved in DNA replication and protein synthesis are summarized in the table below. protective lead blanket to prevent 1. 2. 3. 4. loss of hair increase in cell size changes in DNA molecules changes in glucose structure 17. _________When the bacterium Serratia marcescens is grown on a sterile culture medium in a petri dish at 30°C, the bacterial colonies are cream colored. When this same bacterium is cultured under identical conditions, except at a temperature of 25°C, the colonies are brick red. This difference in color is most likely due to the 1. type of nutrients in the culture medium 2. sterilization of the culture medium 3. effect of temperature on the expression of the gene for color 4. effect of colony size on the synthesis of color pigments 18. _________ In which step would a mutation lead directly to the formation of an altered gene? 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D 14. _________Because x-rays and ultraviolet light can change the chemical nature of DNA, they are known as 1. 2. 3. 4. mutagenic agents growth regulators hydrolytic enzymes toxic wastes 15. _________Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that 1. 2. 3. 4. contain dangerous mutations contain identical genes are identical in appearance and behavior produce enzymes different from the parent 16. _________When a person's teeth are being xrayed, other body parts of this person are covered with a The diagram shows two different structures, 1 and 2, that are present in many single-celled organisms. Structure 1 contains protein A, but not protein B, and structure 2 contains protein B, but not protein A. Which statement is correct concerning protein A and protein B? 1. Proteins A and B have different functions and different amino acid chains. 2. Proteins A and B have different functions but the same amino acid chains. 3. Proteins A and B have the same function but a different sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G). 4. Proteins A and B have the same function and the same sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G). 19. _________Base your answer to the question on the diagram below, which represents a sequence of events in a biological process that occurs within human cells and on your knowledge of biology. 4. evolution 24. _________Synthesis of a defective protein may result from an alteration in 1. 2. 3. 4. Molecule A contains the 1. starch necessary for ribosome synthesis in the cytoplasm 2. organic substance that is broken down into molecules B, C, and D 3. proteins that form the ribosome in the cytoplasm 4. directions for the synthesis of molecules B, C, and D 20. _________ The sequence of subunits in a protein is most directly dependent on the 1. 2. 3. 4. vacuole shape the number of mitochondria a base sequence code cellular fat concentration 25. _________Although genetic mutations may occur spontaneously in organisms, the incidence of such mutations may be increased by 1. 2. 3. 4. radioactive substances in the environment lack of vitamins in the diet a long exposure to humid climates a short exposure to freezing temperatures 26. _________ Three structures are represented in the diagram below. region in the cell where enzymes are produced DNA in the chromosomes in a cell type of cell in which starch is found kinds of materials in the cell membrane 21. _________A change in the base sequence of DNA is known as What is the relationship between these three structures? 1. 2. 3. 4. a gene mutation a karyotype nondisjunction polyploidy 22. _________A diploid cell of a normal human male contains 1. 22 autosomes and two Y-chromosomes 2. 22 pairs of autosomes and two Y-chromosomes 3. 22 pairs of autosomes, one X-chromosome, and one Y-chromosome 4. 22 autosomes and two X-chromosomes 23. _________The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as 1. differentiation 2. heredity 3. immunity 1. DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell. 2. Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell. 3. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell. 4. The cell is composed only of DNA and protein. 27. _________Base your answer to the question on the diagram below, which represents a sequence of events in a biological process that occurs within human cells and on your knowledge of biology. likely due to 1. 2. 3. 4. an insertion a substitution a deletion normal replication 31. _________Mustard gas removes guanine (G) from DNA. For developing embryos, exposure to mustard gas can cause serious deformities because guanine Molecules B, C, and D are similar in that they are usually 1. 2. 3. 4. composed of genetic information involved in the synthesis of antibiotics composed of amino acids involved in the diffusion of oxygen into the cell 28. _________A variety of plant produces small white fruit. A stem was removed from this organism and planted in a garden. If this stem grows into a new plant, it would most likely produce 1. 2. 3. 4. large red fruit, only large pink fruit, only small white fruit, only small red and small white fruit on the same plant 29. _________A random change in the base sequence of DNA resulting in the production of a defective protein is called 1. 2. 3. 4. translocation addition deletion gene mutation 1. 2. 3. 4. stores the building blocks of proteins supports the structure of ribosomes produces energy for genetic transfer is part of the genetic code 32. _________What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses? 1. type of amino acids in the cells of the organism 2. sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of the organism 3. size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the organism 4. shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of the organism 33 omitted 34. _________Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope found in nuclear fallout, is incorporated and used by the human body in much the same manner as calcium. Because of its radioactive nature, strontium-90 would probably 1. 2. 3. 4. cause disjunction of chromosomes take the place of phosphorus in chromosomes act as a mutagenic agent within bone cells inhibit the development of mutations 30. _________ 35. _________Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins? The diagrams represent portions of the genes that code for wing structure in two organisms of the same species. Gene 1 was taken from the cells of a female with normal wings, and gene 2 was taken from the cells of a female with abnormal wings. The abnormal wing structure was most 1. Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins. 2. DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function. 3. Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA. 4. Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules. 36. _________In all organisms, the coded instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism are directly determined by the arrangement of the 1. twenty kinds of amino acids in each protein 2. twenty-three pairs of genes on each chromosome 3. strands of simple sugars in certain carbohydrate molecules 4. four types of molecular bases in the genes 37. _________The chart below shows relationships between genes, the environment, and coloration of tomato plants. Base your answer on the diagram of the chromosomes from a human cell and on your knowledge of biology. The chromosomes are arranged to show Which statement best explains the final appearance of these tomato plants? 1. The expression of gene A is not affected by light. 2. The expression of gene B varies with the presence of light. 3. The expression of gene A varies with the environment. 4. Gene B is expressed only in darkness. 38. _________The enzyme pepsin is produced in the cells of the stomach but not in the cells of the small intestine. The small intestine produces a different enzyme, trypsin. The reason that the stomach and small intestine produce different enzymes is that the gene that codes for pepsin is 1. in the cells of the stomach, but not in the cells of the small intestine 2. expressed in the stomach but not expressed in the small intestine 3. mutated in the small intestine 4. digested by the trypsin in the small intestine 39. _________The human liver contains many specialized cells that secrete bile. Only these cells produce bile because 1. different cells use different parts of the genetic information they contain 2. cells can eliminate the genetic codes that they do not need 3. all other cells in the body lack the genes needed for the production of bile 4. these cells mutated during embryonic development 40. _________ 1. 2. 3. 4. homologous pairs tetrads independent assortment nucleotides 41. _________A certain protein is found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. This provides evidence that plants and bacteria 1. 2. 3. 4. have some similar DNA base sequences can use carbon dioxide to make proteins digest proteins into simple sugars contain certain pathogenic microbes 42. _________If the pattern of inheritance for a trait is complete dominance, then an organism heterozygous for the trait would normally express 1. 2. 3. 4. the recessive trait, only the dominant trait, only a blend of the recessive and dominate traits a phenotype unlike that of either parent 47. _________ The diagram below shows some of the steps in protein synthesis synthesis. What will most likely happen if there is a change in the base sequence of this molecule? The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known as a 1. 2. 3. 4. carbohydrate gene ribosome chromosome 43. _________ The diagram represents a change that occurred in a pair of chromosomes during the formation of an egg cell. The letters represent genes on the pair of chromosomes. The alteration that occurred will most likely 1. be passed on to every cell that develops from the egg cell 2. change the chromosome number of the body cells that develop from the egg cell 3. convert sex cells into body cells 4. trigger the production of pathogens 45. _________The diagram below represents a portion of a type of organic molecule present in the cells of organisms. 1. The molecule will be converted into an inorganic compound. 2. The amino acid sequence may be altered during protein synthesis. 3. The chromosome number will decrease in future generations. 4. The chromosome number may increase within the organisms. 46. _________Bacteria that produce colonies containing a red pigment were distributed on nutrient agar and exposed to ultraviolet light for several days. The colonies that developed were red, with the exception of one colony that was white. The appearance of a white bacterial colony most likely resulted from 1. 2. 3. 4. a mutation codominance synapsis multiple alleles 44. _________Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. This is because the two proteins are composed of 1. chains folded the same way and the same sequence of simple sugars 2. chains folded the same way and the same sequence of amino acids 3. chains folded differently and a different sequence of simple sugars 4. chains folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids 48. _________ In fruit flies with the curly wing mutation, the wings will be straight if the flies are kept at 16°C, but curly if they are kept at 25°C. The most probable explanation for this is that 1. fruit flies with curly wings cannot survive at high temperatures 2. the environment influences wing phenotype in these fruit flies 3. high temperatures increase the rate of mutations 4. wing length in these fruit flies in directly proportional to temperature 49. _________ Base your answer on the diagram and your knowledge of biology. Which process results in the formation of chromatid Z from chromatids A and B? 1. 2. 3. 4. intermediate inheritance nondisjunction codominance crossing-over 50. _________ Genes for two different traits that are located next to each other on the same chromosome would most likely be 1. 2. 3. 4. inherited separately codominant recombined inherited together 1923213 0 le 0 11