Download Close Assignment: Genetics Week 7 Test Review 1. ______ The

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Assignment: Genetics Week 7
Test Review
1. _________
3. _________The shape of a protein molecule is
influenced by
1.
2.
3.
4.
whether it is organic or inorganic
the sequence of amino acids in it
the number of genes found in the nucleus
the number of chromosomes in the cell
4. _________
Which process is illustrated in the diagram?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The diagram represents a portion of a double stranded
DNA molecule. The base sequence of strand II is most
likely
1.
2.
3.
4.
crossing-over
nondisjunction
sex determination
independent assortment
5. _________
C-A-C-T-G-G
G-G-T-C-A-C
G-T-G-A-C-C
G-T-G-U-C-C
2. _________
The type of molecule represented above is found in
organisms.
Which statement correctly describes the sequence of bases
found in this type of molecule?
Base your answer on the diagram of some cell structures
and events associated with enzyme synthesis and on your
knowledge of biology. The function of the ribosome is to
1. initiate the process of cell division
2. control the cell's activities
3. provide the site for the synthesis of protein
molecules
4. control the passage of materials into and out of the
cell
1. It changes every time it replicates.
2. It determines the characteristics that will be
inherited.
3. It is exactly the same in all organisms.
4. It directly controls the synthesis of starch within a
cell.
6. _________Which statement best expresses the
relationship between the three structures represented
below?
10. _________
1. DNA is produced from protein absorbed by the
cell.
2. Protein is composed of DNA that is produced in
the cell.
3. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
4. Cells make DNA by digesting protein.
7. _________Which situation would most directly
affect future generations naturally produced by a maple
tree?
1. Ultraviolet radiation changes the DNA sequence
within some leaves of the tree.
2. Ultraviolet radiation changes the DNA sequence
within the gametes of some flowers of the tree.
3. An increase in temperature reduces the number of
cell divisions in the roots.
4. Rapidly growing cells just under the bark are
exposed to radiation, causing changes in genetic
material.
Base your answer to the question on the diagram of a cell
associated with coordination and on your knowledge of
biology.
Structure X would be involved in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
storage of digestive enzymes
absorption of energy from the Sun
development of pathogens
synthesis of proteins
11. _________
8. _________Even though each body cell in an
individual contains the same DNA, the functions of muscle
cells and liver cells are not the same because
1. mutations usually occur in genes when muscle
cells divide
2. liver tissue develops before muscle tissue
3. liver cells produce more oxygen than muscle cells
4. liver cells use different genes than muscle cells
9. _________Which event occurring in the life cycle
of a bacterium most directly involves the replication of
DNA?
1. The bacterium copies its single chromosome.
2. As the cell grows, the two copies of the
chromosome separate.
3. The cell divides as a partition separates it into
equal halves.
4. Each new cell receives one copy of the
chromosome.
Base your answers on the diagram which provides
information related to heredity, and on your knowledge of
biology.
Which molecules are represented by box B?
1.
2.
3.
4.
bases
proteins
amino acids
simple sugars
12. _________Which is an example of environmental
influence on gene expression?
1. the production of plants bearing oval squash from
parent plants bearing round and long squash
2. the effect of light on chlorophyll production in
plants
3. the pattern of inheritance for sex-linked traits in
humans
4. the production of human offspring with blood type
AB
13. _________Some steps involved in DNA
replication and protein synthesis are summarized in the
table below.
protective lead blanket to prevent
1.
2.
3.
4.
loss of hair
increase in cell size
changes in DNA molecules
changes in glucose structure
17. _________When the bacterium Serratia
marcescens is grown on a sterile culture medium in a petri
dish at 30°C, the bacterial colonies are cream colored.
When this same bacterium is cultured under identical
conditions, except at a temperature of 25°C, the colonies
are brick red. This difference in color is most likely due to
the
1. type of nutrients in the culture medium
2. sterilization of the culture medium
3. effect of temperature on the expression of the gene
for color
4. effect of colony size on the synthesis of color
pigments
18. _________
In which step would a mutation lead directly to the
formation of an altered gene?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
14. _________Because x-rays and ultraviolet light
can change the chemical nature of DNA, they are known as
1.
2.
3.
4.
mutagenic agents
growth regulators
hydrolytic enzymes
toxic wastes
15. _________Cloning an individual usually produces
organisms that
1.
2.
3.
4.
contain dangerous mutations
contain identical genes
are identical in appearance and behavior
produce enzymes different from the parent
16. _________When a person's teeth are being xrayed, other body parts of this person are covered with a
The diagram shows two different structures, 1 and 2, that
are present in many single-celled organisms. Structure 1
contains protein A, but not protein B, and structure 2
contains protein B, but not protein A.
Which statement is correct concerning protein A and
protein B?
1. Proteins A and B have different functions and
different amino acid chains.
2. Proteins A and B have different functions but the
same amino acid chains.
3. Proteins A and B have the same function but a
different sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G).
4. Proteins A and B have the same function and the
same sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G).
19. _________Base your answer to the question on
the diagram below, which represents a sequence of events
in a biological process that occurs within human cells and
on your knowledge of biology.
4. evolution
24. _________Synthesis of a defective protein may
result from an alteration in
1.
2.
3.
4.
Molecule A contains the
1. starch necessary for ribosome synthesis in the
cytoplasm
2. organic substance that is broken down into
molecules B, C, and D
3. proteins that form the ribosome in the cytoplasm
4. directions for the synthesis of molecules B, C, and
D
20. _________
The sequence of subunits in a protein is most directly
dependent on the
1.
2.
3.
4.
vacuole shape
the number of mitochondria
a base sequence code
cellular fat concentration
25. _________Although genetic mutations may occur
spontaneously in organisms, the incidence of such
mutations may be increased by
1.
2.
3.
4.
radioactive substances in the environment
lack of vitamins in the diet
a long exposure to humid climates
a short exposure to freezing temperatures
26. _________
Three structures are represented in the diagram below.
region in the cell where enzymes are produced
DNA in the chromosomes in a cell
type of cell in which starch is found
kinds of materials in the cell membrane
21. _________A change in the base sequence of DNA
is known as
What is the relationship between these three structures?
1.
2.
3.
4.
a gene mutation
a karyotype
nondisjunction
polyploidy
22. _________A diploid cell of a normal human male
contains
1. 22 autosomes and two Y-chromosomes
2. 22 pairs of autosomes and two Y-chromosomes
3. 22 pairs of autosomes, one X-chromosome, and
one Y-chromosome
4. 22 autosomes and two X-chromosomes
23. _________The transfer of genes from parents to
their offspring is known as
1. differentiation
2. heredity
3. immunity
1. DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in
the cell.
2. Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the
cell.
3. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
4. The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
27. _________Base your answer to the question on
the diagram below, which represents a sequence of events
in a biological process that occurs within human cells and
on your knowledge of biology.
likely due to
1.
2.
3.
4.
an insertion
a substitution
a deletion
normal replication
31. _________Mustard gas removes guanine (G) from
DNA. For developing embryos, exposure to mustard gas
can cause serious deformities because guanine
Molecules B, C, and D are similar in that they are usually
1.
2.
3.
4.
composed of genetic information
involved in the synthesis of antibiotics
composed of amino acids
involved in the diffusion of oxygen into the cell
28. _________A variety of plant produces small white
fruit. A stem was removed from this organism and planted
in a garden. If this stem grows into a new plant, it would
most likely produce
1.
2.
3.
4.
large red fruit, only
large pink fruit, only
small white fruit, only
small red and small white fruit on the same plant
29. _________A random change in the base sequence
of DNA resulting in the production of a defective protein is
called
1.
2.
3.
4.
translocation
addition
deletion
gene mutation
1.
2.
3.
4.
stores the building blocks of proteins
supports the structure of ribosomes
produces energy for genetic transfer
is part of the genetic code
32. _________What determines the kind of genes an
organism possesses?
1. type of amino acids in the cells of the organism
2. sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the
DNA of the organism
3. size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the
organism
4. shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of
the organism
33 omitted
34. _________Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope
found in nuclear fallout, is incorporated and used by the
human body in much the same manner as calcium. Because
of its radioactive nature, strontium-90 would probably
1.
2.
3.
4.
cause disjunction of chromosomes
take the place of phosphorus in chromosomes
act as a mutagenic agent within bone cells
inhibit the development of mutations
30. _________
35. _________Which statement best describes the
relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins?
The diagrams represent portions of the genes that code for
wing structure in two organisms of the same species. Gene
1 was taken from the cells of a female with normal wings,
and gene 2 was taken from the cells of a female with
abnormal wings. The abnormal wing structure was most
1. Cells contain DNA that controls the production of
proteins.
2. DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded
information for how cells function.
3. Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino
acids together into DNA.
4. Cells are linked together by proteins to make
different kinds of DNA molecules.
36. _________In all organisms, the coded instructions
for specifying the characteristics of the organism are
directly determined by the arrangement of the
1. twenty kinds of amino acids in each protein
2. twenty-three pairs of genes on each chromosome
3. strands of simple sugars in certain carbohydrate
molecules
4. four types of molecular bases in the genes
37. _________The chart below shows relationships
between genes, the environment, and coloration of tomato
plants.
Base your answer on the diagram of the chromosomes
from a human cell and on your knowledge of biology. The
chromosomes are arranged to show
Which statement best
explains the final appearance of these tomato plants?
1. The expression of gene A is not affected by light.
2. The expression of gene B varies with the presence
of light.
3. The expression of gene A varies with the
environment.
4. Gene B is expressed only in darkness.
38. _________The enzyme pepsin is produced in the
cells of the stomach but not in the cells of the small
intestine. The small intestine produces a different enzyme,
trypsin. The reason that the stomach and small intestine
produce different enzymes is that the gene that codes for
pepsin is
1. in the cells of the stomach, but not in the cells of
the small intestine
2. expressed in the stomach but not expressed in the
small intestine
3. mutated in the small intestine
4. digested by the trypsin in the small intestine
39. _________The human liver contains many
specialized cells that secrete bile. Only these cells produce
bile because
1. different cells use different parts of the genetic
information they contain
2. cells can eliminate the genetic codes that they do
not need
3. all other cells in the body lack the genes needed for
the production of bile
4. these cells mutated during embryonic development
40. _________
1.
2.
3.
4.
homologous pairs
tetrads
independent assortment
nucleotides
41. _________A certain protein is found in
mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. This provides
evidence that plants and bacteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
have some similar DNA base sequences
can use carbon dioxide to make proteins
digest proteins into simple sugars
contain certain pathogenic microbes
42. _________If the pattern of inheritance for a trait is
complete dominance, then an organism heterozygous for
the trait would normally express
1.
2.
3.
4.
the recessive trait, only
the dominant trait, only
a blend of the recessive and dominate traits
a phenotype unlike that of either parent
47. _________
The diagram below shows some of the steps in
protein synthesis
synthesis.
What will most likely
happen if there is a change in the base sequence of this
molecule?
The section of DNA being used to make the strand
of mRNA is known as a
1.
2.
3.
4.
carbohydrate
gene
ribosome
chromosome
43. _________
The diagram
represents a change that occurred in a pair of chromosomes
during the formation of an egg cell. The letters represent
genes on the pair of chromosomes. The alteration that
occurred will most likely
1. be passed on to every cell that develops from the
egg cell
2. change the chromosome number of the body cells
that develop from the egg cell
3. convert sex cells into body cells
4. trigger the production of pathogens
45. _________The diagram below represents a
portion of a type of organic molecule present in the cells of
organisms.
1. The molecule will be converted into an inorganic
compound.
2. The amino acid sequence may be altered during
protein synthesis.
3. The chromosome number will decrease in future
generations.
4. The chromosome number may increase within the
organisms.
46. _________Bacteria that produce colonies
containing a red pigment were distributed on nutrient agar
and exposed to ultraviolet light for several days. The
colonies that developed were red, with the exception of one
colony that was white. The appearance of a white bacterial
colony most likely resulted from
1.
2.
3.
4.
a mutation
codominance
synapsis
multiple alleles
44. _________Two proteins in the same cell perform
different functions. This is because the two proteins are
composed of
1. chains folded the same way and the same sequence
of simple sugars
2. chains folded the same way and the same sequence
of amino acids
3. chains folded differently and a different sequence
of simple sugars
4. chains folded differently and a different sequence
of amino acids
48. _________
In fruit flies with the curly wing mutation, the wings
will be straight if the flies are kept at 16°C, but curly if
they are kept at 25°C. The most probable explanation
for this is that
1. fruit flies with curly wings cannot survive at
high temperatures
2. the environment influences wing phenotype in
these fruit flies
3. high temperatures increase the rate of mutations
4. wing length in these fruit flies in directly
proportional to temperature
49. _________
Base your answer on the diagram and your knowledge
of biology. Which process results in the formation of
chromatid Z from chromatids A and B?
1.
2.
3.
4.
intermediate inheritance
nondisjunction
codominance
crossing-over
50. _________
Genes for two different traits that are located next to
each other on the same chromosome would most likely
be
1.
2.
3.
4.
inherited separately
codominant
recombined
inherited together
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