Download ocean water

3 minute Video Clip on How the Earth Got It’s Oceans
and
SALT
and
Amazing Planet---Ocean Realm
or
Dangers of the Deep
CHAPTER 13 NOTES:
OCEAN WATER AND
OCEAN FLOOR
About 71% of the
Earth’s surface is
covered in water
Four Oceans:
1. Arctic Ocean (4%)
2. Indian Ocean (20%)
3. Atlantic Ocean (28%)
4. Pacific (48%)
How do scientists think the oceans were formed?
2 Thoughts???????
1st thought---•When the Earth first formed, there were many volcanoes
all over the surface.
Since there is a lot of water
vapor contained in lava, it rose into
the young atmosphere during
eruptions.
As this water vapor condensed,
it formed clouds, which
eventually led to the rains that
lasted for many years.
2nd thought
Video Clip on How the Earth got its Oceans
Comets and
water-rich
asteroids from
the outer
reaches of the
asteroid belt
and the
Kuiper Belt
collided with a
pre-historic
Earth bringing
water to the
world’s
oceans.
OCEAN WATER
•The ocean has many
different elements dissolved
in it.
•These elements such as
chloride and sodium---which
are the two most abundant
elements---started out in
rocks.
•Water and acids eroded
the rocks, and rivers carried
the elements into the sea.
The average salinity of the ocean is 35‰. The
oceans usually contain 35 parts of salt for every
1,000 parts of sea water.
Salinity is lower in some places where there is a
lot of fresh water coming into the ocean (near
river deltas).
Salinity is higher where the Sun is very strong
and evaporation is greater than precipitation.
You Decide…
Natural Processes Affecting Salinity
Video Clip on Salt
THREE TEMPERATURE ZONES
1. Surface (sea level down to 300m)
2. Thermocline (300m-700m)an area of rapid temperature
decrease with increased depth
3. Deep water (700m-bottom)
Surface Zone
Deep Water
THE IMMENSE OCEAN FLOOR
The partially submerged outer extension of a continent is
called the continental margin which is made of
continental crust. The continental margin is divided into
different regions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Shelf extends outward from the continent
Shelf break (where shelf ends and slope begins)
Slope
Rise (only in passive)
Abyssal plain aka the flat part of the ocean floor
Trench (only in active)
TWO TYPES OF MARGINS:
PASSIVE---not near plate boundaries--- Passive
continental margins are those passively moving away
from sites of seafloor spreading
PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGIN
EXAMPLE: ATLANTIC OCEAN
ACTIVE---near plate boundaries--- Active continental
margins are those found in subduction zones, where
trenches are created
ACTIVE
CONTINENTAL
MARGIN
EXAMPLE:
PACIFIC OCEAN
What feature do you see in the active continental
margin that you did not see in the passive continental
margin? trench
LIFE IN THE OCEAN
There are 3 groups of ocean life:
1. PLANKTON— microscopic floaters like phytoplankton
2. NEKTON— free swimmers like fish, whales and sharks
3. BENTHOS—
bottom feeders
that live in the
sand, like clams
and crabs
PLANKTON
(floaters)
PHYTOPLANKTON
ZOOPLANKTON
NEKTON
(swimmers)
Squid
Shark
Whales
Fish
BENTHIC ORGANISMS
(bottom dwellers)
Starfish Cluster
Lobster
Shrimp
Sea Cucumber
Coral
Hermit Crab
FACT:
At the deepest point in the ocean the pressure is more than 8 tons per square
inch, or the equivalent of one person trying to support 50 jumbo jets.