Thesis - UvA-DARE - University of Amsterdam
... More than 200 years ago Sergei Winogradsky discovered a novel microbial process by which filamentous bacteria (Beggiatoa) could grow in the dark in media solely enriched with inorganic compounds, a process latter defined as chemosynthesis. Chemoautotrophic micro-organisms are unlike photoautotrophs ...
... More than 200 years ago Sergei Winogradsky discovered a novel microbial process by which filamentous bacteria (Beggiatoa) could grow in the dark in media solely enriched with inorganic compounds, a process latter defined as chemosynthesis. Chemoautotrophic micro-organisms are unlike photoautotrophs ...
Thematic Article A bathymetric overview of the Mariana forearc
... 30 km or more in diameter. The relief developed by the serpentine seamounts largely de®nes the trench-slope break for this part of the Mariana arc system (Fryer & Pearce 1992). There is also a strong N30°W fault orientation that extends south from the northern Mariana forearc and intersects the tren ...
... 30 km or more in diameter. The relief developed by the serpentine seamounts largely de®nes the trench-slope break for this part of the Mariana arc system (Fryer & Pearce 1992). There is also a strong N30°W fault orientation that extends south from the northern Mariana forearc and intersects the tren ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... global scale, such jets within major upwelling systems intensify equatorward flows on the eastern margin of subtropical gyres and thus play an important role in the ocean’s meridional transport of heat and freshwater. As such, upwelling jets also transport nutrients and organic matter along the coas ...
... global scale, such jets within major upwelling systems intensify equatorward flows on the eastern margin of subtropical gyres and thus play an important role in the ocean’s meridional transport of heat and freshwater. As such, upwelling jets also transport nutrients and organic matter along the coas ...
variations in the global phosphorus cycle
... ABSTRACT: Phosphorus is a critical element in the biosphere, limiting biological productivity and thus modulating the global carbon cycle and climate. Fluxes of the global phosphorus cycle remain poorly constrained. The prehuman reactive phosphorus flux to the ocean is estimated to range from 0.7—4. ...
... ABSTRACT: Phosphorus is a critical element in the biosphere, limiting biological productivity and thus modulating the global carbon cycle and climate. Fluxes of the global phosphorus cycle remain poorly constrained. The prehuman reactive phosphorus flux to the ocean is estimated to range from 0.7—4. ...
Effect of high CO2 and low pH on benthic - E
... 1958 by Charles David Keeling on Mauna Loa in Hawaii, time series of the composition of the atmosphere have been documented and, hence, constituted modern research on climate change (Treut et al. 2007). In order to evaluate atmospheric gas composition of the past and to make predictions for the fut ...
... 1958 by Charles David Keeling on Mauna Loa in Hawaii, time series of the composition of the atmosphere have been documented and, hence, constituted modern research on climate change (Treut et al. 2007). In order to evaluate atmospheric gas composition of the past and to make predictions for the fut ...
75 An Updated Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine
... Metadata analyses, combining results from many experimental studies, show that there are different, but consistent, patterns in the response of different taxonomic groups to simulated future ocean acidification. There can also be variability in responses within species, depending on interactions wit ...
... Metadata analyses, combining results from many experimental studies, show that there are different, but consistent, patterns in the response of different taxonomic groups to simulated future ocean acidification. There can also be variability in responses within species, depending on interactions wit ...
3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals
... As an advocate of conservation of biodiversity on Earth, I am thrilled to learn from Prof. Bob George (co-organizer of the symposium) that 250 deep-coral researchers and science managers from 30 nations are assembling today in Miami, to synthesize existing knowledge on habitatforming azooxanthellate ...
... As an advocate of conservation of biodiversity on Earth, I am thrilled to learn from Prof. Bob George (co-organizer of the symposium) that 250 deep-coral researchers and science managers from 30 nations are assembling today in Miami, to synthesize existing knowledge on habitatforming azooxanthellate ...
R97_51_52_FINAL_REPORT
... is sailing along a specific course. This data type covers seismic reflection and refraction (deep, intermediate and shallow), gravity, magnetics, side-scan sonar (various types including GLORIA and TOBI), swath bathymetry (SIMRAD EM 300 or similar) and echo-sounding. Other imagery systems such as se ...
... is sailing along a specific course. This data type covers seismic reflection and refraction (deep, intermediate and shallow), gravity, magnetics, side-scan sonar (various types including GLORIA and TOBI), swath bathymetry (SIMRAD EM 300 or similar) and echo-sounding. Other imagery systems such as se ...
Thesis proposal
... in deep water. Low concentrations of ammonium and nitrite do, however, accumulate at the top of the nitracline and above in the euphotic zone, where multiple processes may be operative simultaneously. At these depths, the supply of ammonium or nitrite may exceed assimilation or oxidation rates. Phy ...
... in deep water. Low concentrations of ammonium and nitrite do, however, accumulate at the top of the nitracline and above in the euphotic zone, where multiple processes may be operative simultaneously. At these depths, the supply of ammonium or nitrite may exceed assimilation or oxidation rates. Phy ...
Plate dynamics, mantle structure and tectonic evolution of the
... zones: the Lesser Antilles subduction zone in the east and the Central America subduction zone in the west. The northern boundary with the North America plate and the southern boundary with the South America plate are characterized by large transform-type fault systems [Molnar and Sykes, 1969]. Base ...
... zones: the Lesser Antilles subduction zone in the east and the Central America subduction zone in the west. The northern boundary with the North America plate and the southern boundary with the South America plate are characterized by large transform-type fault systems [Molnar and Sykes, 1969]. Base ...
PDF
... Bottom Fisheries in the High Seas Areas of the Western Central Atlantic”. The meeting was held in Christ Church, Barbados, from 30 September to 2 October 2014. This report contains a summary of the presentations, discussions, conclusions and recommendations of the meeting. The report is organized al ...
... Bottom Fisheries in the High Seas Areas of the Western Central Atlantic”. The meeting was held in Christ Church, Barbados, from 30 September to 2 October 2014. This report contains a summary of the presentations, discussions, conclusions and recommendations of the meeting. The report is organized al ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS - Do plumes exist?
... reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower plates move relative to the mantle. Relative to a fixed point in the upper plate U, the transient subduction hinge H ca ...
... reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower plates move relative to the mantle. Relative to a fixed point in the upper plate U, the transient subduction hinge H ca ...
- ERA - University of Alberta
... pulses of volcanism. As removal can occur in continental plate interiors, it may provide an explanation of areas of anomalous intraplate deformation that can not be readily linked to tectonic processes. This thesis uses two-dimensional thermal-mechanical numerical models to explore the surface defle ...
... pulses of volcanism. As removal can occur in continental plate interiors, it may provide an explanation of areas of anomalous intraplate deformation that can not be readily linked to tectonic processes. This thesis uses two-dimensional thermal-mechanical numerical models to explore the surface defle ...
NOAA Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research Plan
... Time series of atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa (in ppm) and surface ocean pH and pCO2 (µatm) at Ocean Station Aloha in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of papers published on species’ response to ocean acidification per year, inclusive of re ...
... Time series of atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa (in ppm) and surface ocean pH and pCO2 (µatm) at Ocean Station Aloha in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of papers published on species’ response to ocean acidification per year, inclusive of re ...
The role of local atmospheric forcing on the
... The role of local atmospheric forcing on ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) over the global oceans are studied using ocean data assimilation products and a single-column ocean model coupled with an atmospheric general circulation model. We focus on how the annual mean and the seasonal cycle of the MLD re ...
... The role of local atmospheric forcing on ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) over the global oceans are studied using ocean data assimilation products and a single-column ocean model coupled with an atmospheric general circulation model. We focus on how the annual mean and the seasonal cycle of the MLD re ...
The nature of the crust beneath the Afar triple junction: Evidence
... crust beneath Afar is not reflected in the lower crust, suggesting that the lower crust is thickened due to the emplacement of magmatic material. Maguire et al. [2006] suggest that the same applies for the MER, but acknowledge that to explain the uniform velocity seen in the lower crust from south t ...
... crust beneath Afar is not reflected in the lower crust, suggesting that the lower crust is thickened due to the emplacement of magmatic material. Maguire et al. [2006] suggest that the same applies for the MER, but acknowledge that to explain the uniform velocity seen in the lower crust from south t ...
Full text PDF - Geochemical Perspectives
... that distort the view. Radiogenic isotope ratios, and to a lesser extent incompatible elements and stable isotope ratios, allow us to see through these distortions and infer the nature and evolution of various mantle magma sources. Geochemical studies of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) reveal that th ...
... that distort the view. Radiogenic isotope ratios, and to a lesser extent incompatible elements and stable isotope ratios, allow us to see through these distortions and infer the nature and evolution of various mantle magma sources. Geochemical studies of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) reveal that th ...
Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints
... reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower plates move relative to the mantle. Relative to a fixed point in the upper plate U, the transient subduction hinge H ca ...
... reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower plates move relative to the mantle. Relative to a fixed point in the upper plate U, the transient subduction hinge H ca ...
Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints
... reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower plates move relative to the mantle. Relative to a fixed point in the upper plate U, the transient subduction hinge H ca ...
... reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower plates move relative to the mantle. Relative to a fixed point in the upper plate U, the transient subduction hinge H ca ...
Dealing with Ocean Acidification - University of Houston Law Center
... vapor. Ocean acidification, in contrast, is driven almost entirely by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. ...
... vapor. Ocean acidification, in contrast, is driven almost entirely by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide. ...
Subducting slabs: Jellyfishes in the Earth`s mantle
... between the subducting lithosphere and the surrounding viscous mantle, we evaluate the deformation pattern of a slab sinking into the mantle by means of a three‐dimensional numerical model that is designed to track sharp, dynamically deforming interfaces. The 3D finite element code DOUAR [Braun et a ...
... between the subducting lithosphere and the surrounding viscous mantle, we evaluate the deformation pattern of a slab sinking into the mantle by means of a three‐dimensional numerical model that is designed to track sharp, dynamically deforming interfaces. The 3D finite element code DOUAR [Braun et a ...
Deep-Sea Corals: Special Issue of Current, the Journal of Marine
... recent research from the U.S. and Europe, primarily aimed at exploring and understanding ecosystems that were literally below the sonar screens of many scientists and agencies just a decade ago. Who knew there were coral reefs in Norway, coral gardens in Alaska, and undiscovered species of corals to ...
... recent research from the U.S. and Europe, primarily aimed at exploring and understanding ecosystems that were literally below the sonar screens of many scientists and agencies just a decade ago. Who knew there were coral reefs in Norway, coral gardens in Alaska, and undiscovered species of corals to ...
Reconstructing the Alps–Carpathians–Dinarides as a key to
... the Alps (Fig. 4a–c): one beneath the Central and Western Alps that dips to the southeast to a depth of about 200 km and is consistent with the classical view of south- to southeast-directed subduction of European lithosphere (e.g., Schmid et al. 1996), and another beneath the Eastern Alps that is o ...
... the Alps (Fig. 4a–c): one beneath the Central and Western Alps that dips to the southeast to a depth of about 200 km and is consistent with the classical view of south- to southeast-directed subduction of European lithosphere (e.g., Schmid et al. 1996), and another beneath the Eastern Alps that is o ...
Seamounts – characteristics, formation, mineral deposits and
... seamounts suggests that the Josephine Bank (north Atlantic) was perhaps the first identified seamount and in 1938, the term “seamount” was first officially given by the US Board of Geographic Names to the Davidson Seamount (Brewin et al., 2007). Until 1964, about 2000 seamounts had been discovered, ...
... seamounts suggests that the Josephine Bank (north Atlantic) was perhaps the first identified seamount and in 1938, the term “seamount” was first officially given by the US Board of Geographic Names to the Davidson Seamount (Brewin et al., 2007). Until 1964, about 2000 seamounts had been discovered, ...
Surface ocean-lower atmosphere study: Scientific synthesis and
... ecosystems in a warmer world will be a decrease in global productivity, resulting from a slowing of the thermohaline circulation. In 1999, SOLAS was still in the developmental stage and actively seeking support from the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Joint Global Ocean Flux St ...
... ecosystems in a warmer world will be a decrease in global productivity, resulting from a slowing of the thermohaline circulation. In 1999, SOLAS was still in the developmental stage and actively seeking support from the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Joint Global Ocean Flux St ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.