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Vocabulary Words landform canyon cliff tributary estuary inlet continental shelf physical feature on earth’s surface (see examples on p.214-215) deep valley with high, steep sides high steep section of rock or soil small river or stream where river water (fresh) and ocean water (salty) mix together narrow body of water off of a larger body of water ocean floor that is along the coast or shoreline; it ends where the sharp slope begins sharp slope (directly after the continental shelf) wide, flat area of ocean floor; it covers about 40% of the ocean floor a steep sided valley in a continental slope the deepest part of the ocean floor underwater mountain ranges an indentation along the top of the underwater mountain ranges a person who takes measurements of land a map that uses different shades of colors to show elevation a map that uses lines to show elevation continental slope abyssal plain submarine canyon trench mid-ocean ridge rift valley surveyor relief map topographical map a line on a map that shows different elevation (usually in units of meters or feet) contour line the air and gasses around you atmosphere all of Earth’s liquid and solid water (includes oceans, rivers, ice caps, etc); this hydrosphere crust mantle outer core inner core biosphere lithosphere covers 70% of Earth’s surface 1st layer of Earth/rocky layer/ it includes the continents and ocean basins 2nd layer underneath the crust/ it is divided into two parts (upper/ lower) 3rd layer of Earth- made up of liquid metals 4th layer of Earth- made up of solid metals parts of the Earth where living things are found another name for the “crust and top of the upper mantle” together