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Unit 6 Earth Science Water Vocabulary (test on 2/8 in Sheridan’s Class) 1. Fresh water- water that is not salty and has little or no taste, color, or smell 2. Salt Water- water that contains dissolved salt and other minerals 3. Water cycle- the continuous movement of water through the environment of the Earth 4. Evaporation- the process by which water changes from liquid to vapor 5. Condensation- the process in which water vapor in the atmosphere becomes liquid 6. Precipitation- water that falls from clouds 7. Transpiration- the evaporation of water from plants 8. Infiltration- the physical process involving movement of water through the boundary area where the atmosphere interfaces with the soil 9. Percolation- the movement of water through the soil and its layers by gravity and capillary forces 10. Runoff- flow from a drainage basin or watershed that appears in surface streams 11. Pond- body of water that is smaller and shallower than a lake, allowing sunlight to reach the bottom all over, and contains many plants 12. Lake- body of water that is larger than a pond and the sunlight does not reach the bottom all over 13. Iceberg- mass of ice floating in the ocean that began as part of a glacier 14. Groundwater- water underground 15. Permeable- liquids can flow through 16. Impermeable- liquids cannot flow through 17. Water Table- top of an area of the aquifer that is completely saturated, or filled, with water 18. Aquifer- underground layer of permeable rock or sediment that contains water 19. Spring-flow of water from the ground at a place where the surface of the land dips below the water table 20. Artesian Well- a natural well in which water flows to the surface naturally because it is under pressure 21. Salinity- a measure of the amount of dissolved salt contained in water 22. Density- a measure of the amount of matter packed into a given volume 23. Continental Shelf- the flat or gradually sloping land that extends underwater from the edge of the continent (shore) to the continental slope 24. Continental Slope- land that drops down steeply at the edge of a continental shelf 25. Ocean Trench- narrow, steep-sided clefts in the ocean floor 26. Abyssal Plain- a wide, flat area of the ocean floor that is covered with a thick layer of sediment 27. Mid-ocean Ridge- a chain of mountains that runs through an ocean basin and forms at a divergent plate boundary 28. Seamounts- underwater mountains 29. Guyots (Guy-yoo) seamounts that have been built above sea level 30. SONAR- a system that uses sound waves to measure distances and locate objects; echolocation 31. Ocean Current- mass of moving water in an ocean 32. Surface Currents- caused by strong winds that blow across the Earth’s surface 33. Coriolis Effect- the effect of the Earth’s rotation that causes surface currents to move in counter-clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and a clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere (like when your bathtub drains in a counterclockwise direction) 34. Deep Currents- currents driven by differences in water density 35. Downwelling- movement of water from the surface to greater depths 36. Upwelling- movement of water up to the surface that bring nutrients up from the deep ocean