Download Macromolecules and SPF groups

Macromolecules – 4 classes, monomers, S.P.F,
Macromolecules
Monomers
Bonds
Functions
Carbohydrates
(Polysaccharide)
Saccharides
1-4 Glycoside Lineage Carbohydrates in
general provide and
store energy in
animals, plants and
bacteria.
Proteins
(Polypeptide)
Amino Acids
(20 types)
Peptide
Most Important, for
building or growth,
and repair. *Enzymes
Provide energy
Nucleic Acid
(DNA & RNA)
Nucleotides
(A, T, C, G, U)
3 – 5 prime bonding
Coding for proteins,
adding atoms so we
don’t die
Carbohydrates:
Starch – Alpha Glucose they are also geometric isomers. They provide most energy
to this in the planet; every culture based their food on starch.
Cellulose - Beta Glucose are geometric isomers. Humans cannot digest cellulose.
Plants use it for their structure like cell walls.
Protein:
Enzymes – Controls the rate of decaying in anything and everything
Nucleic Acid:
D.N.A – Adds Deoxy to help live longer and slow the rate
Water & its properties
S.P.F
Hydroxyls – (OH-), It makes
the thing basic & polar making
it hydrophilic
Carbonyl – R-C=0-R or H,
Ketones or Aldehyde, Carboxyl
(R-C=OH)
Makes things basic
Makes it acidic and polar
(Carboxyl)
Amine – NH2, makes things
Makes water 23AA = 22water
basic e.g. glycine amino acids
molecules
is Amine + Carboxyl
Sulfhydryl – SH, SH – SH =
Disulfide bridge cross linking
stuff such as hair
Phosphate - PO4 = makes
energy, and makes it polar by
being negative
Methyl Group – CH2, biological
marker, the more methylated
a gene is the less expressed it
is. Methylate and DE methylate
to control expression
Dehydration/ condensation – remove H2O out of 2 monomers to make them bond.
Catabolic – Depolymerize take/ break down (hydrolysis)
Anabolic – Polymerize make (condensate)
Enzymes are biological catalysts that have an active sight that fits a specific
substrate.
The structure and therefore function of an enzyme are controlled by the
environment, can denature and renature these active sight.
Amylase – Breaks down Starch