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TH 8 GRADE VOCABULARY M.ESPINDOLA-MORENO ATOM •The smallest particle of an element made of electrons, protons, and neutrons. PROTON • A positively charged subatomic particle of the nucleus of an atom that contributes to the mass of the atom. ELECTRON • A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the atomic nucleus. NEUTRON • A subatomic particle of the nucleus of an atom without a charge that contributes to the mass of an atom. Neutron ELECTRON CLOUD • The area surrounding the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are found. ELECTRICAL CHARGES • A property of matter; • Electrons are negative • Protons are positive • Neutrons are neutral • The # of Protons and Electrons determine the charge of the atom. ATOMIC MASS •The mass of an atom, equal to the # of protons and neutrons in the atom. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES • Particles that are smaller than the atom • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons ATOMIC NUMBER • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. ENERGY LEVEL • The fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum mechanics, such as a molecule, atom, electron, or nucleus, can have. VALENCE ELECTRON • The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that influence how an element will react with other substances. REACTIVITY •Rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction. PERIODS • Rows on the periodic table • Read from left to right. • There are 7 periods. GROUPS • Columns on the periodic table. • Read from top to bottom, • There are 18 groups. ALKALI METALS • Most reactive metals on periodic table. • 1 valence electron • Soft and shiny AKALINE METALS EARTH • Group 2 • Hard metals • 2 valence electrons HALOGENS • Group 17 • 7 valence electrons • Very reactive nonmetals NOBLE GASES METALS, NONMETALS, METALLOIDS ELEMENT • An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. COMPOUND •When two or more elements combine chemically. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS •Organic compounds contain carbon… SUBSCRIPT •A # written below and to the right of an atomic symbol. COEFFICIENT •A # placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula. CHEMICAL FORMULA • A shorthand notation using chemical symbols and numbers.