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- UCL Discovery
- UCL Discovery

Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice

Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

O - Verhandlungen
O - Verhandlungen

... field is familiar to surface scientists in the form of surface plasmons, for example. To control the near field we have developed a new class of materials with properties not found in nature. These new materials derive their properties not from the atomic and molecular constituents of the solid, but ...
pdf-File (Size: 1,2 MB)
pdf-File (Size: 1,2 MB)

THE ADSORPTION OF CO, N2 AND Li ON Ru(109) AND Ru(001
THE ADSORPTION OF CO, N2 AND Li ON Ru(109) AND Ru(001

Wake Fields and Impedance
Wake Fields and Impedance

... This property, referred to as fundamental theorem of the beam loading [3], is a consequence of the causality principle. In fact, due to the finite propagation velocity of the induced fields and to the motion of the source charge, the wake function is not symmetric with respect to the leading charge ...
Einstein`s quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas: non
Einstein`s quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas: non

29 Reflection and Refraction
29 Reflection and Refraction

29 Reflection and Refraction
29 Reflection and Refraction

... The average speed of light is less than c in a transparent medium. How much less depends on the medium and the frequency of light. • Light of frequencies closer to the natural frequency of the electron oscillators in a medium travels more slowly in the medium. • The natural frequency of most transpa ...
When waves interact with matter, they can be reflected, transmitted
When waves interact with matter, they can be reflected, transmitted

29 Reflection and Refraction
29 Reflection and Refraction

... The average speed of light is less than c in a transparent medium. How much less depends on the medium and the frequency of light. • Light of frequencies closer to the natural frequency of the electron oscillators in a medium travels more slowly in the medium. • The natural frequency of most transpa ...
29 Reflection and Refraction
29 Reflection and Refraction

Electrical and structural characterization of metal germanides  Albert Chawanda
Electrical and structural characterization of metal germanides Albert Chawanda

... interest because of its importance in Schottky barrier and contact formation, epitaxial growth and device reliability [2]. In the manufacturing of semiconductor devices and metal contacts have always played a pivotal role, especially in metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) and ...
Modeling Solar Flare Hard X-ray Images and Spectra Observed with
Modeling Solar Flare Hard X-ray Images and Spectra Observed with

... Observations obtained with the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) of a flare on February 20, 2002 indicate a hard X-ray (HXR) coronal source at or near the top of a flare loop (called a HXR looptop source). The existence of the HXR looptop source suggests that magnetic rec ...
pitfall prevention
pitfall prevention

... Most scientists accepted Newton’s particle theory. During his lifetime, however, another theory was proposed—one that argued that light might be some sort of wave motion. In 1678, the Dutch physicist and astronomer Christian Huygens showed that a wave theory of light could also explain reflection an ...
Science
Science

Properties Of High Energy Laser Light Transmission
Properties Of High Energy Laser Light Transmission

Simulation study of optical degradation monitoring in the SNO+
Simulation study of optical degradation monitoring in the SNO+

EXPERIMENTS USING A HELIUM-NEON LASER
EXPERIMENTS USING A HELIUM-NEON LASER

Chapter 5: Gases - HCC Learning Web
Chapter 5: Gases - HCC Learning Web

Homework 5-7 answers
Homework 5-7 answers

Homework 5-8 answers
Homework 5-8 answers

experiments using a helium-neon laser
experiments using a helium-neon laser

(NH3)n and NH2 - Sanov Group
(NH3)n and NH2 - Sanov Group

1 2 3 4 5 ... 208 >

Photoelectric effect

The photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them. Electrons emitted in this manner can be called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is commonly studied in electronic physics, as well as in fields of chemistry, such as quantum chemistry or electrochemistry.According to classical electromagnetic theory, this effect can be attributed to the transfer of energy from the light to an electron in the metal. From this perspective, an alteration in either the amplitude or wavelength of light would induce changes in the rate of emission of electrons from the metal. Furthermore, according to this theory, a sufficiently dim light would be expected to show a lag time between the initial shining of its light and the subsequent emission of an electron. However, the experimental results did not correlate with either of the two predictions made by this theory.Instead, as it turns out, electrons are only dislodged by the photoelectric effect if light reaches or exceeds a threshold frequency, below which no electrons can be emitted from the metal regardless of the amplitude and temporal length of exposure of light. To make sense of the fact that light can eject electrons even if its intensity is low, Albert Einstein proposed that a beam of light is not a wave propagating through space, but rather a collection of discrete wave packets (photons), each with energy hf. This shed light on Max Planck's previous discovery of the Planck relation (E = hf) linking energy (E) and frequency (f) as arising from quantization of energy. The factor h is known as the Planck constant.In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905 Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. In 1914, Robert Millikan's experiment confirmed Einstein's law on photoelectric effect. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"", and Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923 for ""his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"".The photoelectric effect requires photons with energies from a few electronvolts to over 1 MeV in elements with a high atomic number. Study of the photoelectric effect led to important steps in understanding the quantum nature of light and electrons and influenced the formation of the concept of wave–particle duality. Other phenomena where light affects the movement of electric charges include the photoconductive effect (also known as photoconductivity or photoresistivity), the photovoltaic effect, and the photoelectrochemical effect.
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