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27 Wave Optics - Wright State University
27 Wave Optics - Wright State University

... Although Christiaan Huygens thought that light was a wave, Isaac Newton did not. Newton felt that there were other explanations for color, and for the interference and diffraction effects that were observable at the time. Owing to Newton’s tremendous stature, his view generally prevailed. The fact t ...
Oscillatory Motion and Waves
Oscillatory Motion and Waves

Eradication of Propionibacterium acnes by its endogenic porphyrins
Eradication of Propionibacterium acnes by its endogenic porphyrins

Density Functional Theory Studies of Small Supported Gold Clusters
Density Functional Theory Studies of Small Supported Gold Clusters

... clean-up of oxygen and nitrogen from these lamps and the blackening of their inner glass surface2 , which Langmuir explained with a heterogeneous catalytic reaction taking place on the heated tungsten filament [17, 18]. From contemporary x-ray diffraction experiments on crystals3 , carried out by M. ...
Light sources - University of Washington
Light sources - University of Washington

A Smile in the Sky
A Smile in the Sky

Electron - CoolHub
Electron - CoolHub

neutrino
neutrino

... exclusion principle and which further differ from light quanta in that they do not travel with the velocity of light. The mass of the neutrons should be of the same order of magnitude as the electron mass and in any event not larger than 0.01 proton masses. The continuous beta spectrum would then be ...
A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Experiment for Physical Chemistry
A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Experiment for Physical Chemistry

... This experiment can be performed with a less expensive apparatus. If only fluorescence intensity measurements are to be made the nitrogen laser may be replaced with a continuous UV light source (see the Supplemental MaterialW and refs 3 and 8). Otherwise, an excitation light source that produces UV ...
Oscillatory Motion
Oscillatory Motion

... The displacement of SHM is the distance from equilibrium position in either direction. The amplitude is the maximum displacement from mean position in either direction. x  A cos t  ...
Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Detectors
Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Detectors

... In fact, one method of determining a particle’s energy is simply to measure how far it goes before stopping. H. Fenker - Detectors ...
Energy for Every Kid
Energy for Every Kid

How to Make the σ0π2 Singlet the Ground State of Carbenes
How to Make the σ0π2 Singlet the Ground State of Carbenes

Week of Sept. 20
Week of Sept. 20

Illumination Intensity Dependence of the Photovoltage in
Illumination Intensity Dependence of the Photovoltage in

... The open-circuit voltage (Voc) dependence on the illumination intensity (Φ0) under steady-state conditions in both bare and coated (blocked) nanostructured TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is analyzed. This analysis is based on a recently reported model [Bisquert, J.; Zaban, A.; Salvador, P. ...
available here. - toddsatogata.net
available here. - toddsatogata.net

223
223

(1–1.5 kV) nitrogen-ion bombardment on sharply pointed tips
(1–1.5 kV) nitrogen-ion bombardment on sharply pointed tips

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz`s struggle with quantum theory A. J. Kox
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz`s struggle with quantum theory A. J. Kox

... The first paper I want to discuss dates from 1903, and has the title: “On the emission and absorption by metals of rays of heat of great wave-lengths” (Lorentz 1903). Lorentz bases himself on the theories of Paul Drude and Eduard Riecke for the electrical conductivity of metals, in which it is assum ...
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Document

Maxwell, Mechanism and the Nature of Electricity
Maxwell, Mechanism and the Nature of Electricity

pitfall prevention
pitfall prevention

Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling of Markarian 501 through a
Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling of Markarian 501 through a

Fiber Optic Speed of Light Apparatus
Fiber Optic Speed of Light Apparatus

New experimental limit on the Pauli exclusion principle violation by
New experimental limit on the Pauli exclusion principle violation by

< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 208 >

Photoelectric effect

The photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them. Electrons emitted in this manner can be called photoelectrons. The phenomenon is commonly studied in electronic physics, as well as in fields of chemistry, such as quantum chemistry or electrochemistry.According to classical electromagnetic theory, this effect can be attributed to the transfer of energy from the light to an electron in the metal. From this perspective, an alteration in either the amplitude or wavelength of light would induce changes in the rate of emission of electrons from the metal. Furthermore, according to this theory, a sufficiently dim light would be expected to show a lag time between the initial shining of its light and the subsequent emission of an electron. However, the experimental results did not correlate with either of the two predictions made by this theory.Instead, as it turns out, electrons are only dislodged by the photoelectric effect if light reaches or exceeds a threshold frequency, below which no electrons can be emitted from the metal regardless of the amplitude and temporal length of exposure of light. To make sense of the fact that light can eject electrons even if its intensity is low, Albert Einstein proposed that a beam of light is not a wave propagating through space, but rather a collection of discrete wave packets (photons), each with energy hf. This shed light on Max Planck's previous discovery of the Planck relation (E = hf) linking energy (E) and frequency (f) as arising from quantization of energy. The factor h is known as the Planck constant.In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905 Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. In 1914, Robert Millikan's experiment confirmed Einstein's law on photoelectric effect. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for ""his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"", and Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923 for ""his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"".The photoelectric effect requires photons with energies from a few electronvolts to over 1 MeV in elements with a high atomic number. Study of the photoelectric effect led to important steps in understanding the quantum nature of light and electrons and influenced the formation of the concept of wave–particle duality. Other phenomena where light affects the movement of electric charges include the photoconductive effect (also known as photoconductivity or photoresistivity), the photovoltaic effect, and the photoelectrochemical effect.
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