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Chapter 24--control of microbial growth 3) Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic derivative of penicillin G. Ampicillin is acidresistant, whereas penicillin G is not resistant to acid. Why is this important? a) Ampicillin is resistant to β-lactamases. b) Ampicillin can be taken orally. c) Ampicillin is effective against Gram-negative bacteria. d) Ampicillin is less toxic. e) Ampicillin is more stable in solution. 4) The mode of action of β-lactam antibiotics in bacteria is directed against _____. a) cell membrane synthesis. b) peptidoglycan synthesis. c) protein synthesis. d) transcription. e) DNA replication. 5) The mode of action of aminoglycosides is to inhibit __________ synthesis. a) protein b) RNA c) DNA d) membrane e) peptidoglycan 6) β-lactam antibiotics bind to proteins located within the cell wall known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The enzymatic action of PBPs is to function as a(a) _____. a) ATP kinase. b) dehydrogenase. c) transpeptidase. d) hydrolase. e) isomerase. 10) The mode of action of sulfa drugs is to inhibit _____. a) peptidoglycan synthesis. b) folic acid biosynthesis. c) transcription. d) tryptophan biosynthesis. e) protein synthesis. 9) The mode of action of quinolones is to inhibit _____. a) protein synthesis. b) DNA synthesis c) cell wall synthesis. d) amino acid transport. e) transcription.