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SPINAL ANATOMY 1. The spinal cord in a child goes to the end, but in the adult spinal cord ends at A. B. C. D. E. 2. 3. A. B. C. D. E. 4. 5. pons metencephalon mid brain diencephalon medulla The most important projection from the rhinencephalon is A. B. C. D. E. 6. lamina of the vertebra above pedicle of the inferior vertebra tubercle of the rib nucleus pulposus PLL The lateral ventricles are located in the A. B. C. D. E. fornix anterior medial vomer hippocampus medial lemniscus medial longitudinal fasiculi Which ligaments do not take part in the articulation of the lumbar vertebrae A. B. C. D. E. 8. 0 1 2 3 4 The anterior boundary of the typical thoracic IVF is broader in part by the stellate ligament anterior longitudinal ligament posterior longitudinal ligament ligamenta flava supraspinal ligament Radiographically, the spinous processes of the typical cervical region would appear A. as an “L” shaped structure B. as an inverted “V” shaped structure C. as an oval-shaped structure D. as a “Y” shaped structure S-1 to S-2 L-5 to S-1 L-3 to L-4 L-4 to L-5 L-2 to L-3 The left parietal bone articulates with how many other cranial bones A. B. C. D. E. 7. The ponticulus posticus is formed by which of the following ligaments A. B. C. D. E. 9. posterior longitudinal anterior atlantooccipital posterior atlantoaxial anterior longitudinal posterior atlantooccipital The most obvious peculiarity of the atlas is A. B. C. D. E. it’s anterior tubercle a bifid spinous process that it has no centrum its’ small transverse processes the lack of the foramen transversarii 10. Calcium deposits in the subacromial bursa may cause painfully restrict movement of A. B. C. D. E. the shoulder the carpals the elbow the hip the mandible 11. The flexor retinaculum A. is a restraining band of fascia B. flexes the last four digits of the hand C. flexes the little finger D. adducts and flexes the thumb E. flexes the middle three fingers 12. The oculomotor nerve does not supply A. B. C. D. E. the superior rectus the lateral rectus the levator palpebrae superioris the inferior oblique the dilator pupillae 13. A fibrous joint holding bones in firm approximation and allowing movement is known as A. B. C. D. E. syndesmosis gomphosis suture symphysis synchrondrosis 14. Why is the seventh cervical considered peculiar to it’s region A. it lacks attachment for the rib B. it lacks superior lateral lips C. its’ spinal foramen is triangular in shape D. it has a rudimentary anterior inferior lip E. it has a spinous process like the dorsal region 15. Rotary movement of the head, as in the action of shaking the head “no”, involves primarily which of the following A. B. C. D. C3 and C4 articulation C7 and T1 articulation atlantoaxial articulation atlanto-occipital articulation 16. The free margin of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane arching over the vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve is termed A. B. C. D. E. fossa of Rossenmuller sulcus arterii vertebralis a true intervertebral foramen ponticulus posticus fossa navicularis 17. Spinal nerves and dorsal nerve root ganglia not located in an intervertebral foramen include A. B. C. D. E. L-5 and sacral C-1 and 2 and sacral C-1 and 2 and L-5 C-7, T-12 and L-5 C-3 and 4 and sacral 18. Which of the following is a cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus A. B. C. D. E. dorsal scapular phrenic greater auricular greater occipital suprascapular 19. Which one of the following nerves is the slenderest A. ophthalmic division of the trigeminal B. oculomotor C. abducens D. optic E. trochlear 20. The origin and termination of the filum terminale are the A. atlas of coccyx B. cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement C. cervical enlargement and first lumbar D. atlas and axis E. apex of conus medullaris and first segment of coccyx 21. All of the following statements are true of the sciatic nerve except A. the supply of the muscles of the back of the thigh B. the largest nerve in the body C. composed of the tibial nerve and the common popliteal nerve D. passes out of the pelvis at the greater sciatic foramen E. composed of fibers from L-4, 5, S1, 2, 3 22. The sympathetic division has A. B. C. D. E. only efferent fibers rubospinal fibers thalamic fibers sacral fibers white and gray rami communicantes 23. The small sciatic nerve is also known as the A. B. C. D. E. lateral femoral cutaneous saphenous sural polpliteal posterior femoral cutaneous 24. The brachial plexus is formed by A. 5 posterior primary divisions uniting to form 3 trunks B. 5 divisions uniting to form 3 posterior primary divisions C. 5 anterior primary divisions uniting to form 3 trunks D. 6 divisions which unite to form 5 anterior primary divisions E. none of the above 29. Corticospinal or pyramidal tracts originate from A. the precentral gyrus and adjacent cortical areas B. Purkinge cells C. area 44 of Broadman D. frontal and temporal cortices E. the postcentral gyrus and adjacent cortical areas 30. Cerebrospinal fluid may escape from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space via A. B. C. D. perineural lymph space neurenteric canal foramina of Luschka anterior perforated space [substance] E. foramen of Monroe 25. Sympathetic stimulation 31. The spinal cord has lateral horns in the A. B. C. D. increases SA nodal activity increases rate of heart contraction decreases rate of heart contraction increases SA nodal activity and rate of contraction E. increases SA nodal activity and decreases rate of contraction 26. Name the tract that carries pain impulses A. B. C. D. E. funiculus gracilis funiculus cuneatus lateral spinothalamic rubrospinal corticospinal 27. Alveolar ventilation is regulated by A. B. C. D. E. medulla and pons hypothalamus thalamus cerebellum cerebrum A. B. C. D. lumbar region only dorsal and sacral segments upper cervical region only dorsal and upper lumbar segments only E. cervical and sacral regions only 32. The ventral spinocerebellar tract transmits A. B. C. D. E. sensory and motor impulses pain impulses only proprioceptive impulses temperature impulses only motor impulses only 33. Where is the motor nucleus of the facial nerve located A. B. C. D. E. thalamus spinal cord medulla oblongata pons cerebellum 28. All preganglionic fibers are 34. An “upper motor lesion” is defined as A. B. C. D. E. cholinergic adrenergic somatic sympathetic parasympathetic A. ischemia of the lower extremities B. a condition which results in flaccid paralysis C. a condition which involves the pyramidal system with increased muscle tone and spasticity D. loss of pain and temperature 35. The spinal cord tract concerned with the transmission of impulses of pain and temperature is the _____ tract A. B. C. D. E. comma spino-olivary lateral spinothalamic ventral spinocerebellar spinotectal 36. The mid-brain is derived from the A. B. C. D. E. myelencephalon prosencephalon mesencephalon rhombencephalon diencephalon 37. The filum terminale is an extension of A. B. C. D. E. gray matter of the spinal cord dura mater pia mater arachnoid white matter of the spinal cord 38. Which ganglion is the most inferior in the sympathetic ganglionated chain A. B. C. D. E. stellate ganglion ganglion of impar inferior mesenteric otic ganglion ciliary ganglion 39. Postganglionic thoracolumbar fibers follow the paths of arteries to the head structures which they supply. One network of these fibers is known as A. B. C. D. E. stellate ganglion cerebral plexus internal carotid plexus jugular plexus solar plexus 41. Splanchnic nerves are composed of A. B. C. D. E. 42. The fourth cranial nerve [trochlear] carries general motor fibers to the A. B. C. D. S2, 3 and 4 T10 T12 L1 L1 and 2 superior oblique muscle medial rectus muscle of the eye lacrimal gland lateral rectus muscle 43. Nerve pathways from the brain which are used to initiate voluntary movements under conscious control are collectively called A. B. C. D. E. spinothalmic tracts extrapyramidal system proprioceptors pyramidal system spinocerebellar tracts 44. The hair is an appendage of the skin made to stand erect by the erectores pilorum muscle which is innervated by A. B. C. D. E. central nervous system sympathetics parasymphetics cranial nerves spinal nerve 45. A cross section of the spinal cord at the T3 level would yield a mixed spinal nerve carrying impulses of what variety A. B. C. D. E. 40. The innervation of the testicular tissue is from A. B. C. D. E. preganglionic sympathetic fibers motor neuron fibers preganglionic craniosacral fibers postganglionic craniosacral fibers preganglionic parasympathetic fibers sensory, motor and sympathetics sensory only motor only sensory and motor only sensory, motor and parasympathetics only 46. Parasympathetic stimulation of the large intestine is due to impulses innervated by A. B. C. D. E. vagus gastric lumbar thoracic sacral 47. Proprioceptor signals from the fingers, hand and arms are compared with the sensory engram. If the two do not match the difference it is called A. B. C. D. negative sensory response negative motor response error sensory motor error 48. Which cranial nerve nucleus is matched with an incorrect function classification A. gustatory-special somatic afferent B. chief nucleus of the trigeminalgeneral somatic afferent C. spinal nucleus of cranial nerve Vgeneral somatic afferent D. mesencephalic nucleus of cranial nerve V-general proprioceptive E. superior salvatory nucleus-general visceral efferent 53. The sympathetic accommodation of the eye does not include A. B. C. D. E. pupillary constriction pupillary dilation vasoconstriction elevated lid accommodation of far distance 54. Almost all postural and fixation movements of the body are under the control of A. B. C. D. E. extra corticospinal pathways somesthetic cortex corticospinal tract geniculocalcarine tract dorsospinocerebellar tract 55. The rods are for A. B. C. D. color visual acuity vision in dim light peripheral vision 49. Which nerve innervates the pharynx A. B. C. D. E. superior laryngeal inferior laryngeal recurrent laryngeal internal laryngeal external laryngeal 50. Hypothalamus-Hypophoseal portal vessel, transports neurosecretory substances into A. B. C. D. posterior pituitary gland adenohypophysis neurohypophysis hypothalamus 51. In a whiplash case there is an unexplained fever and chills due to what damage A. B. C. D. E. adrenal medulla medulla hypothalamus cerebellum upper motor neuron 52. The sensation of cold is mediated by the A. B. C. D. E. pacinian corpuscles end organs of Ruffini end organs of Krause naked nerve endings Merkel’s discs 56. The ability to accurately determine the exact location at which a tactile stimulation is applied is called A. B. C. D. E. tactile localization tactile determination allocheiria agnosia none of the above 57. The cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed through A. B. C. D. E. ependymal surfaces venous plexi arachnoidal granulations the cauda equina none of these 58. A patient is asked to stand still with eyes closed and starts to sway. This suggests injury to which of the following A. B. C. D. E. medulla oblongata middle ear cerebellum posterior root spinal nerve anterior root of spinal nerve 59. Nerve regeneration A. does not occur in the CNS because these fibers have a neurilema B. occurs only in peripheral nerves because of the medullary sheath C. occurs only in the CNS because of its importance to the body D. occurs in peripheral nerves because these fibers have a neurilema 60. The ventral spinothalamic tract A. B. C. D. E. proprioception vibratory sensation crude touch and pressure to medulla cuneate and gracilis 61. The cerebellum is know to influence the performance of A. spinal reflex movements B. involuntary movements originating in the cerebellum C. voluntary movements D. learned or conditioned movements E. all of the above 62. The sensory “ganglion” of the brain stem is said to be the A. B. C. D. E. cerebral cortex hypothalamus thalamus medulla oblongata basal ganglia 63. The sulcus arteri vertebralis is anatomically located A. in the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane B. in the foramen transversarii C. on the occipital bone D. on the superior portion of the posterior arch of the atlas 64. The brain and nervous system are rich in A. B. C. D. E. triglycerides cholymicrons lipoproteins phospholipids glycolipids 65. Posterior spinocerebellar tracts carry impulses from A. pain and temperature receptors to cerebellum B. receptors from opposite side of the body to the cerebellum C. stretch, touch and pressure receptors to the cerebellum D. cells of Clark’s nucleus to receptors to opposite cerebellar cortex E. cells of Clark’s nucleus to relay nuclei in the thalamus 66. The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the A. B. C. D. E. brain and spinal cord choroid plexuses vascular system lymphatic system central canal of the spinal cord 67. The cervical enlargement is located A. no cervical enlargement exists B. throughout the cervical region of the spinal cord C. from the third cervical to the seventh cervical vertebrae D. from the third cervical to the second thoracic vertebrae E. from the first to the third thoracic vertebrae 68. The dermatome level that surrounds the area of the umbilicus is A. B. C. D. E. T-7 T-8 T-10 T-11 T-12 69. The white rami communicantes are limited to the A. B. C. D. E. thoracic area and lumbar area cervical area sacral area cranial area thoracic area 70. The supporting tissue elements of the central nervous system are collectively referred as A. B. C. D. E. perikaryon Nissl bodies mitochondria pia mater neuroglia 71. The cerebral aqueduct [Sylvius] connects A. the third and fourth ventricle B. the first and second ventricle C. the fourth ventricle with the spinal cord D. the lateral ventricles E. one cerebral peduncle with the other E. all of the above 76. The anterior primary divisions of the cervical plexus are from A. B. C. D. E. C6, C7 and T1 and T2 C1, C2, C3 and most of C4 C2, C3, C4 and most of C5 C5, C6, C7, C8 and most of T1 C1, C2 77. Grey rami communicantes are located from A. B. C. D. E. C1 to S3 C1 to T12 C1 to T5 C8 to T12 C1 to coccyx 78. The axons of the olfactory tract terminate in the olfactory gyri of the 72. The structural unit of the nervous system is A. B. C. D. E. cell body synapse axon reaction arc neuron A. B. C. D. E. telencephalon diencephalon mesencephalon rhinecephalon rhombencephalon 79. Osteitis deformans is another name for 73. That part of the spinal cord which has the largest dorsal funiculus is from the A. B. C. D. E. pelvic region cervical region thoracic region lumbar region sacral region 74. The end bulbs of Krause are associated with A. B. C. D. E. cold pain heat pressure touch 75. In the case of nerve injury resulting in the loss of sensation on the medial side of the palm and little finger, wasting of the hypothenar eminence and inabiltiy to adduct the thumb, which of the following nerves is involved A. B. C. D. radial median ulnar musculocutaneous A. B. C. D. E. Marie-Strumpell spondylitis Paget’s disease rheumatoid arthritis Barlow’s disease von Recklinghausen’s disease 79. Paget’s disease of the bone A. is caused by a virus B. affects the humerus and scapula C. affects the sternum, clavicle and hyoid D. has an acute onset E. affects skull, vertebrae and bones of the legs 80. The center of fusion of the spinous process of a typical vertebrae involves the A. B. C. D. E. pedicles pedicles and transverse processes transverse processes laminae body and pedicles 81. The mammilary processes are associated with the _______ vertebrae A. B. C. D. E. coccyx cervicals thoracic lumbars sacrum 82. Which of the following cervical vertebrae generally does not have a foramen transversarium A. B. C. D. E. C5 C6 C7 atlas axis 83. The radiate ligament is also known as the A. B. C. D. E. stellate ligament articular ligament costotransverse ligament intertransverse ligament interarticular ligament 84. Which of the following is not associated with the cervical spine A. B. C. D. E. anterior inferior lip accessory processes foramen transversarii small rectangular-shaped bodies joint of Luschka 85. The superior and inferior vertebral notches are parts of the A. B. C. D. E. prezygapophysis laminae pedicles spinous process postzygapophysis 86. The floor and roof of the intervertebral foramina are formed by the A. B. C. D. E. centrum laminae pedicles prezygapophysis postzygapophysis 87. Which of the following is considered the second secondary or compensatory curve of the spine A. B. C. D. E. pelvic curve cervical curve thoracic curve lumbar curve sacral curve 88. An anterior or inward curvature of the spinal column, resulting in an abnormal hollow in the back, is identified as a A. B. C. D. rotatory scoliosis kyphosis lordosis scoliosis 89. Which of the following is not a function of the spinal column A. it offers protection to the spinal cord B. it acts as a shock absorber C. it allows for movement in all directions D. it helps form the thorax by giving attachment to the ribs and indirectly to the sternum E. it serves as a direct attachment for the upper and lower extremities 90. What do oligodendrocytes and Schwann’s cells have in common A. B. C. D. form myelin found in same location form the meninges they have nothing in common 91. The most common area of spina bifida occulata is A. B. C. D. E. 12th thoracic 4th lumbar 5th lumbar atlas axis 92. The upper arm is _____ to the lower arm A. B. C. D. E. proximal caudal distal dorsal frontal 93. The mental foramen is found in which bone A. B. C. D. E. maxilla nasal zygomatic mandible sphenoid 94. Four of the following are related to each other in a special way. One is not. Select the unrelated one A. B. C. D. E. supraorbital mental navicular optic ovale 98. Another name for the axis is A. B. C. D. E. epiphysis planum occipital atypical bony ring epistropheus 99. The thoracic and sacral curves are called A. B. C. D. E. scoliosis primary curves compensation curves spinal curves concave forward curves 100. The shaft of a long bone is synonymous with A. B. C. D. E. epiphysis diaphysis aponeurosis appendicular sequestrum 101. There are how many primary ossification centers in developing vertebrae 95. The largest paranasal sinus is the A. B. C. D. E. mastoidal frontal maxillary ethmoidal spenoidal 96. To which of the following is the membrane tectoria attached A. B. C. D. E. first lumbar femur fifth lumbar axis sacrum 97. The most common area of spina bifida occulata is F. G. H. I. J. 12th thoracic 4th lumbar 5th lumbar atlas axis A. B. C. D. E. one two three four five 102. The posterior boundary of a thoracic intervertebral foramen is formed by the A. B. C. D. E. articular facets body of the vertebrae above pedicle of the vertebrae below intervertebral disc pedicle of the vertebrae below 103. The suboccipital muscles receive innervation from the A. B. C. D. E. first cervical nerve second cervical nerve spinal accessory nerve ansa hypoglossi nerve cervical plexus 104. Which of the following joints would be classified as diarthrodial, arthrodial and condyloid A. B. C. D. E. atlantoaxial occipitoaxial lumbosacral sacrococcygeal atlanto-occipital 105. The largest part of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord is located at which vertebral level A. B. C. D. E. C1 C2 C3 C4 C6 106. The cell bodies from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve are located in the A. B. C. D. nucleus ambiguous dorsal root ganglions of C1-C5 trigeminal ganglion inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve 107. The roots of the spinal nerves below the first lumbar vertebrae are known as the A. B. C. D. E. filum terminale conus medullaris cauda equina lumbar plexus sacral plexus 108. The semicircular canals are located in the A. B. C. D. E. external ear middle ear inner ear organ of Corti cochlea 109. The lateral rectus oculi muscle is supplied by which nerve A. B. C. D. abducens facial oculomotor trigeminal trochlear 110. A harsh [foul smelling] odor causes tears in the eye. Which of the following will stimulate one’s lacrimal sacs or tears A. B. C. D. vagus nerve part of cranial nerve V olfactory nerve facial nerve 111. Which of the following forms most of the cerebrospinal fluid A. B. C. D. E. heart spinal cord choroid plexuses dura mater pia mater 112. Myelination of axons [deposition of white matter] is accomplished by two cell types. Select the correct answer below-which lists the correct pair, both of which deposit myelin A. Schwann cells [neuroglial cells] and oligodendrocytes [spelling?] B. choroid plexus cells and meningeal cells C. microglial cells and ependyma cells D. mesenchymal cells and mesothelium cells E. neurons of CNS and neurons of PNS 113. Which of the following is not associated with the sphenoid bone A. B. C. D. E. foramen spinosum optic canal pterygoid canal foramen rotundum carotid canal 114. Eminences found in the cranium are hard and prominent features; of what do they represent the sites A. B. C. D. E. ossification centers meeting areas of two flat bones previous fractures venous blood aggregations cartilage models 115. Which of the following is not associated with the temporal bone A. B. C. D. E. carotid canal condyloid canal mastoid foramen internal auditory meatus stylomastoid foramen 116. The transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae allow the _____ to pass through A. B. C. D. E. ventral primary ramus vertebral artery dorsal primary ramus radicular artery nerve-root comples 117. In the normal individual, the sternal angle is at which vertebral level A. B. C. D. E. C7 T2 T4 T7 T9 118. Which of the following panes is found at the level of lumbar vertebra L1 A. B. C. D. E. transplyoric plane costal margin plane umbilical plane trnastubercular plane xypho-sternal plane 119. The aortic pressure point is at which vertebral level A. B. C. D. E. T3-T4 T9-T10 T12-L1 L3-L4 L5-S1 120. Which muscle does not have any attachment to the os coxa A. B. C. D. E. quadratus lumborum psoas minor psoas major external oblique abdominal rectus abdominis 121. Which of the following is a feature of the sacrum A. B. C. D. E. arcuate line auricular surface gluteal tuberosity linea aspera genial tubercles 122. The carotid sinus and body are located at which vertebral level A. B. C. D. E. C1-C2 C2-C3 C3-C4 C4-C5 C5-C6 123. The anterior cranial fossa houses which of the following structures A. B. C. D. E. cerebellum parietal lobe limbic lobe frontal lobe brain stem 124. The promontory is a feature of which bone A. B. C. D. E. atlas axis thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae base of sacrum 125. Which of the following bones is classified as a bone of the axial skeleton A. B. C. D. E. clavicle os coxae sternum scapula patella 126. A deformity resulting from the sternum being pushed posteriorly by an overgrowth of the ribs is termed A. B. C. D. E. pectus carinatum pectus excavatum gibbus Dowager’s hump barrel chest 127. In a newborn child, pulsation of the brain can be felt through the fontanelles. The anterior fontanelle represents the future meeting point of which bones A. B. C. D. E. frontal and parietal parietal and occipital occipital and temporal sphenoid, temporal and parietal occipital, temporal and parietal 128. Which muscle is involved in opening the jaw A. B. C. D. E. masseter temporalis buccinator medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid 129. Which of the following muscles is attached to the posterior tubercle of the atlas A. B. C. D. E. rectus capitis posterior major rectus capitis posterior minor oblique capitis superior oblique capitis inferior levator scapulae 130. The cricothyroideus muscle is innervated by which nerve A. B. C. D. E. recurrent laryngeal inferior laryngeal ansa cervicalis internal laryngeal external laryngeal 131. Which neck muscle, when acting unilaterally, produces lateral flexion of the neck and contralateral rotation of the head A. B. C. D. E. digastric sternocleidomastoid anterior scalene splenius capitis platysma 132. Which muscle rotates the scapula when the upper limb is raised above the head A. serratus anterior B. pectoralis major C. teres major D. trapezius E. supraspinatus 133. Which muscle is a powerful adductor with attachment onto the humerus A. B. C. D. E. serratus anterior supraspinatus subclavius anterior scalene pectoralis major 134. Which muscle is innervated by dorsal primary rami A. B. C. D. E. trapezius iliocostalis levator scapulae rhomboideus major serratus posterior superior 135. Which muscle inserts by slips onto the transverse processes and adjacent ribs A. B. C. D. E. spinalis thoracis longissimus thoracis iliocostalis thoracis semispinalis thoracis multifidus 136. Which muscle connects transverse processes to transverse processes A. B. C. D. E. iliocostalis thoracis spinalis thoracis semispinalis thoracis longissimus thoracis longissimus cervicis 137. Which of the following is an example of an abductor muscle A. B. C. D. E. brachialis soleus supraspinatus teres major pectoralis minor 138. Which of the following is the most superficial muscle of the transversospinalis groups A. B. C. D. E. spinalis semipinalis multifidus rotator latissimus dorsi 139. The _______ is the largest as well as the longest of the three divisions of the sacrospinalis muscle group A. B. C. D. E. 145. Which of the following joints is now classified as two joints within one joint A. B. C. D. E. iliocostalis longissimus spinalis splenius semispinalis 146. 140. The thoracodorsal nerve innervates which of the following muscles A. B. C. D. E. trapezius rhomboideus major serratus posterior superior levator scapulae latissimus dorsi 141. Which of the following muscles passes through the lesser sciatic foramen A. B. C. D. E. obturator internus obturator externus tensor fascia lata superior gemellus piriformis 142. Which of the following joints has a disc A. B. C. D. E. ankle hip sternoclavicular glenohumeral posterior vertebral 143. The shoulder joint is classified as which type of joint A. B. C. D. E. amphiarthrosis synarthrosis spheroidea synchondrosis ginglymus 144. The wrist joint is classified as which type of joint A. B. C. D. E. gomphosis saddle joint hinge joint condyloid joint enarthrosis sternoclavicular sacroiliac posterior lumbosacral interpubic atlanto-occipital