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Speciation and Adaptation Warm-up Questions: • Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely increase? • • • • a. b. c. d. The frequency of the genes in one individual The frequency of the genes in the population The number of genes in one chromosome The number of genes in the species • Identify the type of selection displayed in the graph below: Stabilizing Inherited Variation: Variation in a characteristic that is a result of genetic inheritance. Essential for natural selection to result in a new species. Advantageous Adaptation: An adaptation that is beneficial to the organism (physical adaptations, or even changes in breeding to produce when food is most heavily available.). Adapted for an environment with bright light. Fitness: In evolutionary terms, fitness is the an organism’s reproductive success in surviving and producing viable offspring. Genetic Resistance to Pesticides: When a species (insects) has a genetic mutation that makes them less susceptible to the effects of pesticides allowing them to live on after one is applied. Speciation: The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. The start of a new population elsewhere often provides the best opportunity for speciation to occur. Recombination: Process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles. This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the level of genes that reflects differences in the DNA sequences of different organisms. Gene Frequency: The ratio of a particular allele to the total of all other alleles of the same gene in a given population. Differential Reproductive Success: The difference between individuals in a given generation and how many offspring they are able to leave. The more successful the adaptions, the more likely an organism is to have a greater amount of offspring. To improve success, some species produce more babies than will survive in order to maintain a steady population. Mimicry: Mimicry is a similarity of one species to another that protects one or both. Example: A scarlet king snake, though harmless, mimics the pattern if the venomous coral snake in order to deter predators. Venomous Non-venomous